Knowledge Management
Saifeallah Khosravi; Atefeh Zarei; Behrooz Bayat; Zarrin Zarrinabadi
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Knowledge sharing involves the exchange of information among individuals across various groups and divisions within or between organizations. It includes conveying knowledge to colleagues through internal and external communication processes. This study aims to present a model ...
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Background and Objectives: Knowledge sharing involves the exchange of information among individuals across various groups and divisions within or between organizations. It includes conveying knowledge to colleagues through internal and external communication processes. This study aims to present a model for knowledge-sharing behavior among nurses.Methodology: This applied research adopts a mixed-methods approach, beginning with a qualitative phase followed by quantitative analysis. The qualitative phase involved thematic analysis of the primary and secondary components of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Homans' Social Exchange Theory, derived from scientific works published between 2000 and 2024 in indexed online databases. Data were collected through library research in a virtual environment using the PRISMA flowchart, and themes were extracted using networked thematic analysis. n the first phase, keywords related to the research objectives were identified through a review of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and consultation with experts. The identified keywords were: ("Theory of Planned Behavior") AND ("nurses' knowledge sharing" OR "nurses' information sharing"). ("Homans' Social Exchange Theory") AND ("nurses' knowledge sharing" OR "nurses' information sharing" OR "nurses' information exchange"). In the second phase, the literature search was conducted using national databases such as IranDoc, Magiran, Noormags, and SIKA, as well as international databases including ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Web of Science, and PubMed. In the third stage, inclusion and exclusion criteria were established: (1) studies predicting users' knowledg sharing behavior using Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior and Homans' Social Exchange Theory, either separately or combined; (2) studies published as full texts with accessible files; and (3) studies published between 2000 and April 2024 in online databases. In the fourth stage, 375 retrieved sources were screened using the PRISMA flow diagram. During the initial screening, titles and abstracts were reviewed based on the study's objectives and inclusion criteria, resulting in 80 remaining sources. In the second screening phase, 44 sources were excluded after full-text reviews due to non-compliance with the study goals and criteria, leaving a total of 36 sources for further review and data extraction. In the fifth and sixth stages, bibliographic details were recorded, and themes were extracted from the source texts through thematic analysis and coding. The quantitative Research phase employed a survey-analytical method using a researcher-developed questionnaire consisting of 27 questions across nine components derived from the qualitative phase. These components include attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention, rewards, reciprocal relationships, risk, reputation perception, and knowledge-sharing tools. Responses were measured on a five-point Likert scale ranging from "strongly disagree" (1) to "strongly agree" (5). The statistical population comprised nurses from six selected teaching hospitals of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Based on the structural equation modeling guidelines of 5Q<n<27Q, a sample size of 280 participants was determined using proportional quota-random sampling. To validate the questionnaire items, a checklist assessing the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was distributed among 34 faculty members and specialists in information science and knowledge studies affiliated with the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. The average CVR and CVI coefficients were reported as 84% and 69%, respectively. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, with a pre-test reliability of R=0.873 and a post-test reliability of R=0.915 based on a sample of 36 individuals from the statistical population. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the research hypotheses, and Friedman's test was used to prioritize the components.Findings: The qualitative analysis identified nine key components: attitude, rewards, mutual benefits, reputation, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention, risk, and knowledge-sharing tools. Descriptive statistics indicated that, from the nurses' perspective, attitude, rewards, mutual benefits, reputation, and subjective norms had above-average means and significantly influenced knowledge-sharing behavior. However, inferential statistics revealed that only attitude, perceived behavioral control, and rewards had a significant impact on knowledge-sharing behavior.Discussion: The components of attitude, perceived behavioral control, rewards, mutual benefits, reputation, and subjective norms play significant roles in the knowledge-sharing behavior model of nurses.
Masoomeh Moazami; Nadjla Hariri; Atefeh Zarei; Fahimeh Babalhavaeji
Abstract
Aim: The Aim of this study is to analyze the behavior of search and retrieve information by multilingual users in the web environment. Other research objectives are as follows. Methodology: This study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method it is a combination study. In the present study, ...
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Aim: The Aim of this study is to analyze the behavior of search and retrieve information by multilingual users in the web environment. Other research objectives are as follows. Methodology: This study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method it is a combination study. In the present study, the quantitative part of the research is semi-empirical and in the qualitative part, qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the interviews. In the present study, the researcher first performed three tasks and asked users to search for information in the WorldWideScience search engine and to provide search results. All user behaviors were recorded and evaluated using the software during testing. The study population consisted of Ph.D. students in six fields of sciences (humanities, basic sciences, medical sciences, agricultural sciences, engineering, and arts). In this study, 35 Ph.D. students in six sciences using the web were searched as a sample. The study sample was then divided into two groups: a bilingual user group that is fluent in English and Farsi and the second group of multilingual users fluent in three or more languages. Finally, an analysis was performed on the search and retrieval behavior of users. Then a comparison was made between the information behavior of bilingual users and multilingual users. Results: Qualitative analysis of the nature of information retrieval behavior by multilingual individuals consists of 5 dimensions (defining tasks, formulating retrieval strategies, using translation tools, facing retrieval challenges, and managing (retrieving) retrieval challenges) as well as components.
Knowledge Management
zahra faraji; Atefeh Zarei; faraborz doroudi
Abstract
Background and objective. The major objective of a library is to support the educational, research, and cultural system libraries are valuated as driver elements of efficient and effective activities and services of the supporting and healing process, in addition to the aforementioned goals. The impact ...
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Background and objective. The major objective of a library is to support the educational, research, and cultural system libraries are valuated as driver elements of efficient and effective activities and services of the supporting and healing process, in addition to the aforementioned goals. The impact of knowledge on service organizations is higher compared to manufacturing organizations, and on the other hand, the ever-increasing number of service organizations has attracted more attention to this valuable asset in the world of service business. Library and internet investigations regarding the knowledge sharing behavior among librarians and service value creation for users in university libraries completely signify the fact that in our country, despite the many studies conducted in the field of knowledge sharing and service quality, modeling the impact of knowledge sharing on service value creation in the country's university library environments has been entirely abandoned. The aim of this study was to determine the components and provide a process model for creating service value in academic libraries through knowledge sharing behavior among librarians. Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose, and exploratory in terms of survey approach. The statistical population of this study was 19 experts in the fields of knowledge management and librarians who had full knowledge of the structure and status of university libraries and the duties of librarians working in these libraries. An in-depth interview was conducted until the theoretical saturation. In this phase of the research, the snowball sampling method was used. To do so, the first expert was selected according to preliminary investigations and more experts (among university professors, executive managers of university libraries, and experienced advisors) that have authority regarding knowledge management and service management and can help enrich the research model. In the qualitative phase of the research, the grounded theory method was implemented, and thus the main tool for data collection was conducting in-depth and unstructured interviews with experts in the marketing field. In these interviews, the researcher attempted to softly approach the discussion and gain the initial trust of the interviewees in order to pose questions regarding the antecedents and grounds for service value creation for university library users via the knowledge sharing behavior among librarians, the environmental factors impacting it, the consequences of this phenomena.
zeinab sedighi; Alireza Isfandyari-Moghaddam; Atefeh Zarei
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In a digital library what provides interaction between user and library is user interface. Tedd and Hartley (1999) declared, “User interface is a bridge which relates the users with storage and retrieval systems”. Good user interface should be used to establish ...
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Background and Objectives: In a digital library what provides interaction between user and library is user interface. Tedd and Hartley (1999) declared, “User interface is a bridge which relates the users with storage and retrieval systems”. Good user interface should be used to establish effective interaction between users and digital libraries to help them to use and access desired information resources effectively. A user interface allows the users to obtain ‘what they need, in a desired way and in a user friendly manner’ (ibid). It should be prepared and designed according to the information needs of their user community (in this case, blind and visually impaired). Since blind and visually impaired have specific behaviors and cognitive characteristics, so interfaces should be designed carefully and enriched with the capabilities so that these users will be able to use them with ease and comfort. Blind and visually impaired, like the other users, need to interact with interfaces for access to information resources in a digital environment.
Therefore, it would be very important to present a set of criteria for user interfaces in Blind and visually impaired digital libraries. Therefore, this study intends to investigate and determine the most important criteria blind and visually impaired digital libraries user interface from the experts’ point of view about these criteria and recommend a sample set of criteria for digital Libraries providers' services to the blind and visually impaired user interfaces. This is the basic question that the research tries to answer is: What are the important of evaluation criteria in digital Libraries providers' services to the blind and visually impaired user interface from experts’ point of view Librarians Attitude at blind digital libraries in Iran?
Methodology: The present study used survey as the methodology which is done in two sections. In first section through the reviewing the related scientific texts and resources, the researchers prepared a checklist consisting of 13 criteria (Different formats of library resources, Ability of organizing the screen, Study services of retrieved resources from the library, Error messages alert, Options for customizing the texts, Language User Interface, Interaction and feedback facilities, Links, Help services and tips, Search facilities, Visual symbols and images, user control, Screen capabilities) and 109 components. The results were evaluated according to these 13 criteria in response to research questions. In the second section of this Research, a two-step Delphi method was used. For this purpose, final checklist was emailed to a 10 librarian's attitude at blind digital libraries in Iran to gather their opinion about the importance of each criterion. SPSS and Excel software are used to analyses data. Finally, median score was performed as an evaluation device for acceptance or rejection of a criterion. Those criteria which obtained medium score higher than 3(60 percent), were accepted as an element to be included in the proposed criteria for digital Libraries providers' services to the blind and visually impaired user interface.
Findings: This survey sought Librarians attitude at blind digital libraries point of view and selected set of criteria is proposed for the digital Libraries providers' services to the blind and visually impaired user interface. The findings of the survey are presented in the following section. Importance of each criterion from the Librarians attitude at blind digital libraries point of view: Experts were asked of their opinion about the degree of importance of each criterion. The results of their response are showed in Table1.
As the Table 1 shows, it was found that among the criteria, the respondents gave the highest rating to «Different formats of library resources» (mean Medium-Score = 4.99) and the lowest to «Screen capabilities» (mean Medium-Score = 4.44). Two other criteria i.e. «Ability of organizing the screen» and «Study services of retrieved resources from the library» reached the second and third levels, respectively. Although the difference among of criteria's were low and according to the Delphi panel using them in the design of digital Libraries providers' services to the blind and visually impaired user interface offered. Also, Friedman test was used to determine the priority indicators. The zero assumption does not differentiate between the importance of existing criteria for use in the user interface of digital libraries providing services to blind and visually impaired users. The results of the Friedman test indicate the obtained sig is .000 and less than 0.05. This indicate that the zero assumption is rejected and there is a research hypothesis that there is a significant difference between the most important criteria for assessing the user interface of digital libraries providing services to visually impaired and blind people. As a result, it can be said that the importance of each user interface criteria is not the same for evaluation and the custodians and designers of digital Libraries providers' services to the blind and visually impaired user interface can be considered conception, planning and implementation of user interface features according to the budget, time and needs of their users.
Discussion: The aim of this research is to consider and determine the most important criteria of user interface of Digital Libraries providers' services to the blind and visually impaired from the point of view of librarian’s attitude at blind digital libraries. Although various studies have discussed how to provide services to users with visual impairment and interaction with libraries, but it is necessary to provide criteria for interaction between the library and the blind and visually impaired users in the point of view of librarian’s attitude at blind digital libraries (because they interact directly with visually impaired users). These can be used to design, evaluate, and improve the user interface of the digital Libraries providers' services to the blind and visually impaired user interface. From the librarian’s attitude at blind digital libraries point of view, the «Different formats of library resources» (mean Medium-Score = 4.99) and «Screen capabilities» (mean Medium-Score = 4.44) criteria reached the highest and lowest scores, respectively. Blind and visually impaired users have problems in the use of common resources. Therefore, it is necessary to provide other formats of resources such as illustrative books, audio resources and etc. for these users. Obtaining the first rank in librarians' point of view can also be confirmed by the importance of resources for users of digital libraries provider`s services to the blind and visually impaired. A screen capability reached thirteenth level and is located bottom of the rating table. It is general features of database and web pages and gets the thirteenth place of the Delphi panel as well. Finally, it can be said that environment information exchange systems user interface such as digital libraries is so complicated and its goal is to provide remote services for users. Since blind and visually impaired users have specific behaviors and cognitive characteristics, and the deleted of the human interface in digital libraries, so interfaces should be designed carefully and enriched with the capabilities so that blind and visually impaired users will be able to use them with ease and comfort. All of the criteria in this study will be applicable to the digital Libraries providers' services to the blind and visually impaired user interface. On the other hand, it could be used as a tool for the determination of capabilities of digital Libraries providers' services to the blind and visually impaired user interface from librarians, experts and their user's opinion. The results of this study can be considered as a beginning effort for developing standard criteria for blind and visually impaired libraries in order to increase the quality and quantity of their user interfaces.
Fahimeh Babalhavaeji; Atefeh Zarei; Narges Neshat; Nadjla Hariri
Volume 6, Vol.6, No.13 , May 2014, , Pages 1-24
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine subject categories in Knowledge and Information Science for creating knowledge map of KIS. Method: The Delphi technique was used for collection of the required data. This qualitative research methodology helped facilitating and determining the main and ...
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Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine subject categories in Knowledge and Information Science for creating knowledge map of KIS. Method: The Delphi technique was used for collection of the required data. This qualitative research methodology helped facilitating and determining the main and sub-main subject categories. The Delphi Panel was composed of 28 experts in KIS. The Statistical technique of t-test was applied for analyzing the results. Findings: The results obtained from Delphi Panel revealed that there was significant difference between the first stage and second stage in regards with 2nd (methodology), 3rd (Library & resource centers) and Sixth (User Services) subject categories. No significant differences were observed in other 11 subject categories. Conclusion: Results also indicated that KIS categories were changed from 13 subject categories to 14, namely: 1) General KIS, 2) KIS education, 3) Methodology , 4) Libraries and resource centers, 5) Management of libraries and information centers, 6) Technical or organizational knowledge, 7)User Services, 8) Use & User Studies, 9) Information storage and retrieval, 10) Library and ICT, 11) Publishing and distribution, 12) Social Issues Information, 13) Ethical and legal issues, and 14) Knowledge Management.
nadjla hariri; Atefeh Zarei; Firoozeh Dkhani
Volume 5, Vol.5, No.12 , October 2013, , Pages 25-44
