Amin Zare; solyman shafee
Abstract
Purpose: This study sought to answer these questions that How is the experience of Flow among Razi University students in studding as well as in cyberspace. Methodology: The present study was a type of applied research that was conducted using survey method. The research data were collected using a researcher-made ...
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Purpose: This study sought to answer these questions that How is the experience of Flow among Razi University students in studding as well as in cyberspace. Methodology: The present study was a type of applied research that was conducted using survey method. The research data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was based on the Csikszentmihalyi Flow theory for work and learning environments, and by making changes to it, a 36-question questionnaire was developed based on the Likert five-step spectrum. Out of a total of 36 questions, 12 questions were assigned to assess the Flow experience in each of the components (course based study, non-course based study and cyberspace use). To assess the validity of the questionnaire, the opinions of several professors and PhD students in information science were used. Data reliability of the data collection instrument was also calculated using Cronbach's alpha, and the 0.87 alpha coefficient indicated the appropriate reliability of the questionnaire. Using random sampling method, 375 questionnaires were distributed among Razi University students, of which 322 questionnaires were completed, returned and analyzed. Data analysis was performed using version 25 of SPSS software.Findings: The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was between 1.96 and 1.96, and based on this, it can be argued that the distribution of the cumulative frequency observed was the same as the expected cumulative frequency distribution and the distribution of the studied adjective to the normal distribution. Therefore, it was possible to use parametric tests for research. The results of the variable t-test showed that the Flow experience among Razi University students in cyberspace is significantly greater than when they study - whether they are studying or not.Conclusion: Low Flow experience while studying can be due to poor reading skills and reading habits, which are common even among students. . Other reasons for not experiencing Flow while studying include the possible imbalance between skill and challenge, which can sometimes make the activity sometimes anxious, sometimes boring, meaning that if the challenge is more than skill, the person will be anxious. And if it is less than skilled, he will get bored.
Knowledge Management
solyman shafee; daryosh ghafari; Mohsen Jafari
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Organizational knowledge creation is the process of making available and developing new knowledge as well as shaping and associating it with the organization's knowledge system. Some believe that the interaction between tacit knowledge and open knowledge is the source of knowledge ...
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Background and Objectives: Organizational knowledge creation is the process of making available and developing new knowledge as well as shaping and associating it with the organization's knowledge system. Some believe that the interaction between tacit knowledge and open knowledge is the source of knowledge creation, by which the quality and quantity of explicit and latent knowledge develops. The importance of culture in knowledge creation is for the great deal of knowledge that has been learned as a culture from previous generations. Therefore, organizations need to study organizational culture before undertaking knowledge management. Organization must understand the type of their culture in a typical business environment to consider the degree of appropriateness between the knowledge management issues and their culture. the purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of different types of organizational culture based on Cameron and Quinn's competitive values framework with knowledge creation process in Kermanshah Public Libraries.
Methodology: The present study is a survey in terms of data collection and a descriptive research in terms of analectic level. The study sample consisted of managers and staff of Kermanshah General Department and Public Libraries with 87 members. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, the sample size was 70 people. Fifty-one sample members (equals 73% of the sample) answered the questionnaire. Data collection was done by both library and field methods. Library methods were used to gather information on the theoretical foundations and background of the research and the field methods were used to respond to research hypotheses. We used a questionnaire to collect data. The questions were presented using the Likert scale of organizational knowledge creation questionnaire and organizational culture assessment tool. Cronbach's alpha for the reliability of the knowledge creation questionnaire was 0.90 and for the organizational culture questionnaire was 0.81. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to describe and analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were collected from central tendency indices and dispersion indices such as frequency, percentage of frequency, mean, variance and standard deviation to express the data. Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression, Friedman's mean rankings, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and path analysis were used to answer the research hypotheses. SPSS 25, and AMOS were used for data analysis.
Findings: The results of Friedman mean rank test showed that the mean of hierarchical culture was 5.26, native culture was 5.15, adhocracy culture was 4.55 and market culture was 4.3. Therefore, hierarchical culture had the highest rank and market culture had the lowest rank. Multiple correlation coefficient (0.83) indicated a positive and significant relationship between organizational culture and knowledge creation. The results of regression analysis showed that market culture and native culture with regression effect of 22.8 had the greatest effect on knowledge creation and the final fitted model had a coefficient of determination of 0.70. The results of the study of knowledge conversion status showed that it is oriented towards the composition and internalization of knowledge. Path analysis results showed that market culture had the most direct effect (0.79) and adhocracy culture had the least indirect effect (0.55). Native culture, adhocracy culture and hierarchical culture had an indirect effect on the process of knowledge creation. Based on the results of path analysis, an experimental framework was presented.
Discussion: The results show that the organizational culture in Kermanshah Public Libraries was 0.72 effective on the knowledge creation process. This result indicates that there is a supportive culture in Kermanshah Public Libraries for scientific activities. Therefore, the existing organizational culture as the personality and foundation of the organization plays an effective role in establishing knowledge management. Kermanshah Public Libraries must first identify its organizational culture and implement knowledge management programs in line with the existing organizational culture in order to effectively create and disseminate knowledge across the organization. Among the types of organizational culture, market culture has the most influence on knowledge creation in public libraries which is a competitive and resultant culture and the leadership style is based on productive competition and strategic emphasis on competitive advantage and market superiority. the adaptation of the library to the environment and adaption of the environment to the organization needs seem to be essential. In the process of knowledge creation, the attention should be upon the composition and the internalization of knowledge. This was not in line with the theory of Nonaka which emphasized the importance of tacit knowledge in the process of knowledge creation, and that externalizing knowledge was the main process of knowledge creation. This research is limited to public libraries, so other libraries should be studied to increase the generalizability of results. On the other hand, the present study has assessed the relationship between the knowledge creation process and organizational culture based on a set of attitudes, so in different societies witch have different cultures, future research must be done to be able to extend the results to other societies.
Soleiman Shafiei; Amin Zare
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Meta-analysis is a new paradigm different from qualitative, metaphorical, and systematic review. The subjectivity of the implemented studies, the existence of heterogeneity and contradiction in the results of studies and the interpretation of the results in comparison with ...
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Background and Objectives: Meta-analysis is a new paradigm different from qualitative, metaphorical, and systematic review. The subjectivity of the implemented studies, the existence of heterogeneity and contradiction in the results of studies and the interpretation of the results in comparison with quantitative research have been the reasons for the formation of the meta-analysis method. Some researchers believe that in 1970s the research in the area of social science and investigating the social and cultural issues faced some challenges in regards with methodology. These challenges could be raised because of subjectivity of research, ambiguities in the results of different pieces of research, ineffective relation between the results of studies and political guidelines, intercreativity of results in comparison with quantitative research are the main reasons of these challenges. Some researchers make a signs of the development of higher education and the explosion of research reports as the reason of re-thinking about new paradigm in the methodology of social science studies in 1970s. One of the solution for this problem, was the using of mixed methodologies for the integrating of results of related pieces of research. Methodology: The aim of this research was to investigate the theoretical foundations of Meta-analysis methodology. This paper is an analytical overview that has been developed using the documentary methodology and theoretical sources. In this research, firstly, information resources and researches in the field of meta-analysis, including articles, theses, books and web pages were identified. Then, the collected data were studied and analyzed using a descriptive-analytical approach. Finally, the results of the study were analyzed analytically in comparison with information science and science researches. Findings: The meta-analysis method was proposed in 1967 with the aim of integrating and integrating the studies carried out in the field of social, cultural and behavioral analysis using statistical methods. In addition, systematic review, metaphysics, transcendence, and metadata are equivalent meta-analytic terms, which are fundamentally different in nature and merely beyond which qualitative research is combined and their similarities and differences are compared, their findings are translated into each other and interpreted New from their collection. Research has shown that heterogeneity of publications, heterogeneity, incomplete data, availability and availability of early-qualifying studies and studies in other languages are the most important issues and strategies for solving meta-analysis problems in information science and science, and meta-analysis in this field is rarely used. Is located. Studies in information science and science show that in terms of volume, statistical properties and quality, the necessary framework for the implementation of meta-analysis studies in this field is provided and the meta-analysis is an appropriate opportunity for scholars of this science to integrate the results of studies, develop existing theories, create new theories And provided comprehensive interpretations of the phenomena examined. The research also showed that there is no limit to the introduction of studies into the meta-analysis, and the number of studies included in the composition depends on the subject matter of the research and the goal, so that if a researcher examines a phenomenon based on the very personal experience of the subjects studied, Few studies are sufficient, but more studies are needed to measure more common phenomena. Discussion: Information science and science as one of the branches of social sciences have a large amount of quantitative and qualitative research, and in practice there is a weak link between the results of these studies and its policies and policies. Studies in the field of information science and science have often been reviewed in the form of a meta-analysis. Researchers of this science use the systematic review method to collect raw data, to diagnose, integrate, and express simple and sequential expressions of research results. However, the number and quality of research done and the contradiction and heterogeneity in their results have made the use of the meta-analysis method more necessary. Considering that, on the one hand, the quantitative and qualitative researches carried out in the field of information science and science, taking into account the meta-criteria criteria, have been suitable conditions for entering meta-class studies, and, on the other hand, it is possible to employ a wide range of statistical methods in meta-analysis such as the size of the effect, Determining the significance level and deviation from the standard of effect size. Therefore, the field for researchers in this science is provided to integrate the results of studies, develop existing theories, create new theories, strengthen the certainty of cause and effect relationship, and provide comprehensive interpretations of the phenomena examined. Also, heterogeneity of studies, lack of consistency, incomplete data, access to early studies, and quantitative and qualitative data on the progress of knowledge and information science experts in the use of meta-analysis, should be addressed further.
