Public Libraries
sedigheh raeisi; Fahimeh Babalhavaeji; fatemeh nooshnfard; zahra abazari
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The growing trend of increasing information in today's world has doubled the need for public libraries to pay more attention and accuracy to the resource collection process. The annual increases in the prices of books and periodicals and budget and space shortages have caused ...
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Background and Objectives: The growing trend of increasing information in today's world has doubled the need for public libraries to pay more attention and accuracy to the resource collection process. The annual increases in the prices of books and periodicals and budget and space shortages have caused a scarcity of libraries, no matter how large they can offer the full range of library materials. Collection maintenance is one of the most important and basic tasks in libraries and means collecting materials, including information and data, based on a plan that meets users' needs. Therefore, selecting information resources is one of the most significant steps in collection development, and libraries must devote their limited financial resources to provide materials that are prospective to meet the greatest needs of their users, which require the presence of librarians. Library users are an integral part of any library. Thus, their opinions, perception, and feelings are essential in achieving the library’s primary goals. In addition, public libraries are designed solely to provide free or low-cost information services to the public regardless of status, occupation, gender, or age. Public libraries are expected to play a dynamic role in the community's life. Among them are promoting reading culture, providing excellent information, creating collections relevant to local interests, and providing various services to users such as references, audio and video services, and training. Regarding the creation of collections of local interests, public libraries need to collect and make available information resources on a wide range of subjects to meet users' information needs. This is arguably the biggest challenge facing public libraries. The public library is thus special and requires special attention because it is the only type of library that has the most access. Collection development is a set of processes and activities related to reviewing information needs, selecting, preparing, and making available various information resources required by the library community, both printed and non-printed, based on a specific policy through purchase, donation, exchange, evaluation, and weeding, by performing dynamic, efficient, and up-to-date processes, as well as using the most economical methods to provide information and the possibility of users accessing information.
Methodology: The current research aims to provide a model of public library collection with a grounded theory approach. This research is of an applied type, conducted with a qualitative approach and as a grounded theory method. The studied population to reach theoretical saturation were 10 (out of 15) experts and professors in the information science and epistemology field. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The analytical method "Strauss and Corbin" was used to analyze the interviews, which included three stages of open, central, and selective coding. During the central coding phase, the main categories were identified, and after selective coding and determination of relationships, the model of resource collection in public libraries was presented. This study used the criteria of validity, verifiability, reliability, and transferability to validate the study (Creswell, 2011).
Findings: The research findings showed that 5 main categories and 15 sub-components were conceptualized as the dimensions and components of the collection model in public libraries. The five primary categories are causal conditions (structural and administrative factors, cultural and ethnic factors, and financial factors), intermediate conditions (users, librarians, and professionals’ needs), and background conditions. (Space, homogeneity factors and errors in policymakers' halos, cost control that governs policy maker mindset), resource pool model strategy (user voice and equity in resources provision, education structural and financial (reflecting lack of concentration). The consequences of using the resource collection model in public libraries will lead to the satisfaction of users, officials, and librarians, increasing the productivity of the country's public libraries, as well as the popularity and reputation of this institution.
Discussion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that it is necessary to continuously use the opinions of users and librarians, to use new information technologies, and to modify the structural rules regarding the provision of resources. In addition, to paying special attention to the provision of information-based resources. Based on the users' culture, ethnicity, and religion, it is one of the necessities of collection building in the country's public libraries.
Public Libraries
Mahdi Deramnesari; Fahimeh Babalhavaeji; zahra abazari; Nadjla Hariri; fatemeh nooshnfard
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A public library is a non-profit library, which is maintained for public use and funded by the government or the public sources. Unlike other libraries, public library satisfies general public information needs by providing all kinds of knowledge and information available to ...
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Background and Objectives: A public library is a non-profit library, which is maintained for public use and funded by the government or the public sources. Unlike other libraries, public library satisfies general public information needs by providing all kinds of knowledge and information available to all segments of the community regardless of race, nationality, age, gender, religion, language, disability, economic and employment status. It may also provide other services to their communities such as, storytelling for children, after-school programs, language learning, seminars, workshops and other community services. One of the benefits of this research is to offer proposed solutions and lay the groundwork for developing a model for playing a strategic role of public libraries in geopolitics of information as a tool to measure the performance of libraries in this regard and the results can be used in public libraries and other relevant trustees, so, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the strategic role of the public libraries in the Iran Geopolitics of Information This is an applied research with a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) approach.Methodology: To collect qualitative information, a semi-structured interview has been used. In the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire Based on the result of the qualitative part, has been used. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section includes 13 experts and university professors who were selected by a purposeful method based on criteria and has been analyzed using qualitative content analysis method. The findings of quantitative part has been analyzed using factor analysis. The population of the quantitative part, included the head managers and deputies of the general administrations of the Iran's public libraries (70 people) and the librarians of the provinces that have main and central public libraries from five clusters of north, south, east, west and center of Iran, including 10 provinces & 160 librarians. 201 complete questionnaires were received.Findings: Findings shows that, libraries have an implicitly role in strengthening cultural identity and increasing public awareness, especially in terms of strengthening Iranian-Islamic identity, as one of the three main components of geopolitics, but this role is not designed for a specific mission and It is also not clearly explained in upstream documents. Also, based on the findings, the centralized resources acquisition by the Iran Public Libraries Foundation for all public libraries in an integrated manner that there is not any clear role of users need in the selection process is inconsistent with the Free-Flow of Information approach.Discussion: Centralized system of providing resources and public libraries materials, i.e. centralized purchase and distribution of resources by the public libraries of the country to all public libraries in Iran in an integrated way that users do not have an obvious and effective role in the selection process, is somewhat inconsistent with the definitions of free flow of information. Preserving and strengthening identity is one of the basic components in geopolitical issues. Information is considered as the main source of power. Governments have focused mainly on identity to develop their boundaries of geopolitics of information. Obviously, in order to prevent cultural interference and the infiltration of foreign identities in order to change the behavior and culture of a society and make it more consumer-oriented, people should to be well aware of their national identity and thus power as Soft defense power. Public libraries are one of the most important general databases, which can strengthen the soft defense infrastructure by disseminating information about the identity and national values of a community by raising public awareness. Therefore, national policymakers should consider the role of public libraries as a public discourse space in transmitting culture and information and a base for strengthening the power of soft defense, training and explaining the specific role for librarians, developing technological infrastructure of libraries, providing resources based on local needs and the audience needs, continuous and purposeful monitoring of activities and increasing the number of service recipients from public libraries. In order to achieve these goals, it is necessary to consider a few basic points: First, due to the geographical dispersion of public libraries in Iran, it is necessary for more people to use the services of libraries. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive audience attraction program is needed. Design and implement public libraries in a purposeful and mission-oriented manner. It's also necessary for librarians to receive targeted and necessary training to provide appropriate counseling and guidance services so that they'll can, in addition to general librarianship services, perform their duties as advisors to guide users in the right direction. The third important point is to pay attention to the information resource system required by libraries, in which the diversity of ethnic and cultural needs should be considered in order to gain more power through the saturation of cultural information in the community memory.
Scientometrics
Esmaeil khademizadeh; fatemeh nooshnfard; Amir Reza Asnafi
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the thematic structure and production process and growth of articles extracted from master's theses in knowledge and information science of Iranian public universities. Methodology:The present study has examined articles from the beginning to the first ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the thematic structure and production process and growth of articles extracted from master's theses in knowledge and information science of Iranian public universities. Methodology:The present study has examined articles from the beginning to the first half of 1398 through homogeneous analysis. 1425 dissertations were retrieved by searching the dissertation sites. Through the search of researchers, the titles of dissertations in the databases of "Meg Iran", "Normagz", "Science Search Engine", "Humanities Database", "University Jihad Database" and "Google Scholar" were retrieved 623 articles. Excel and Rover Prim software were used to analyze the bibliographic information of the articles and to analyze the homogeneity of the topics of the articles and to unify the keywords. Out of a total of 394 keywords, 59 keywords with a minimum frequency of 5 were selected using the Bradford's law and inclusion threshold to construct the co-occurrence matrix. Then, the created matrix was converted to UCNET software format, and maps and the value of degree, proximity and intermediate degree indicators were drawn and calculated through the software plugin, ie NetDrawFindings: Findings showed that according to the indicators of intermediate centrality and rank, the highest value belongs to the topics of "academic libraries", "librarians", "knowledge management" and "scientometrics". Also, according to the Centrality of Proximity Index, the topics of "librarians", "academic libraries", "information literacy" and "knowledge management" have the most impact on the network. The growth trend reached its highest level in 1994 and 1995. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad with 100 titles and Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz with 83 titles have the first and second ranks of nuclear universities among the universities that publish articles, respectively.Conclusion: The greater focus of dissertation papers on scientometrics, knowledge management, librarians, information literacy, and academic libraries indicates the importance of these topics in postgraduate research.
Mahboubeh Ghorbani; fahimeh babalhavaeji; Fatemeh Nooshinfard
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Green Library is a library is to minimize the negative effects on the natural environment and to maximize indoor air quality by choosing exact tools, use of natural materials and dissoluble products, resource conservation (water, energy and paper) and responsibility for recycling ...
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Background and Objectives: Green Library is a library is to minimize the negative effects on the natural environment and to maximize indoor air quality by choosing exact tools, use of natural materials and dissoluble products, resource conservation (water, energy and paper) and responsibility for recycling waste and garbage (recycling, etc.) (ODLIS). Nowadays, standards, diverse certification issuance systems, different ranking and labeling procedures have been developed which are useable for green libraries as well. However, a proprietary certificate is required. Academic libraries can implement some critical functions such as provide good examples for Green Library, dissemination and publication of this idea among the people, and promote civic engagement in sustainability. This function and impact can range from design space and equipment to library activity management including acquisition, information dissemination and organization. The aim of this study is to adjust a set of criteria for evaluating green features of Academic libraries and provide a guideline for greening libraries.
Methodology: The study was an applied research and was performed by an evaluative survey method to evaluate Iranian Academic Libraries green features by using a questionnaire containing 103 criteria in 7 sections included Building and equipment, Strategic planning and management, Creating motivation, commitment and culture in librarians towards environmental management, collection development, information organization, information dissemination and participation and supporting national and international sustainable development programs. The criteria were gathered by reviewing green buildings standards and literatures such as LEED and green libraries studies, and also through interviews with 12 experts in the field of environment and library science and analyzing their responses. The research population was comprised of the managers of Iranian central academic libraries affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, Iran’s Islamic Azad University and a total of 186 libraries were included. They participated in the research without sampling. To measure the criteria, Likert Spectrum was utilized. Finally, 77.9% of questionnaires) were completed. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical analysis methods were used in SPSS software. After summing the scores of each library, descriptive statistics indices and condition of the building and equipment in terms of the compliance with green standards were extracted. Also, the hypothesis of comparing the status of the three groups of libraries with statistical-analytical methods was tested.
Findings: The status of the Academic libraries in terms of energy consumption management, green space and water, paper consumption management, waste, transportation management, noise and air management were relatively good. The status of management and planning showed that most of the libraries were in an average condition. In the overall assessment of motivation, commitment and acculturation, the library managers have been somehow successful, and the observance of this criterion by managers was better than average. Most libraries were in an intermediate state in terms of green acquisition and perseveration of library resources. The average state of libraries in terms of disseminating information and raising awareness on environmental issues is not unexpected. In the overall assessment of the participation and support from national and international programs in the sustainable development, the status of this evaluation was on an average level. The results of the hypothesis test showed that there is no difference between the three groups of the central libraries of the universities of the Ministry of Science, Health and the Islamic Azad University in terms of observing these criteria.
Discussion: Green building management instruments are utilized, and library is a suitable instrument as part of a university campus or as an independent building on campus and is relatively in accordance with criteria for green management in the current research. The management of academic libraries is a part of a training institution, and the management and planning in academic universities is subject to academic management policies. And as long as the university has not a green approach to its management, this approach is reflected in library management. Sustainable development and strategic planning in Iranian Academic libraries are a new subject and has a long way to be evolved. The role of management to motivate and engage employees to preserve the environment is significant. The outcome of the assessment of this measure depends on managers’ incentives and commitment, and indicates the significance of this issue from their own perspective. In addition, management and planning trend followed by them positively affects staff. The issue of digital acquisition is a newly emerged one and universities and libraries’ managers are not highly familiar with the importance of the environmental impacts of such measures. The issue of budget and fund in libraries to adopt green policies such as non-application of chemical pesticides or change in resource acquisition processes from printable into digital can be one of the reasons for this issue. Participation and cooperation in environmental protection is one fundamental necessity of sustainable development.
Public Libraries
Mehrdad Bavarsad-Omidiyan; fatemeh nooshnfard; Mohammad Reza Farhadpoor
Abstract
AbstractBackground and Objectives: The process of teaching and research in universities is dynamic, complex and requires extensive change and transformation. As a result of advances in information and communication technology, the world of academia also entered the age of the information society. Its ...
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AbstractBackground and Objectives: The process of teaching and research in universities is dynamic, complex and requires extensive change and transformation. As a result of advances in information and communication technology, the world of academia also entered the age of the information society. Its manifestation is the use of academic management information systems, test and evaluation information systems, online education systems, student information systems, faculty member information systems, etc. in universities. The main idea behind the use of all these systems is to collect relevant data, represent it and illustrate it based on the needs of different academic users. The management information system with the aim of providing the required information, helps managers in issues such as planning, control and decision making and provides the necessary support to make strategic and optimal decisions for managers of the educational system. Provides. This paper has studied interoperability factors of information system among Iranian universities. The lack of interoperability among Iranian universities has verified the importance of this article.Methodology: This paper is an exploratory qualitative study which base on its objectives classifies under applied researches. Several key factors of interoperability have been extracted precisely, and results have been analyzed by experts along using Delphi technique (Zeinali et al. 2017 & Namli et al, 2009). The population of this study has concluded all information system experts and managers at different branches of Islamic Azad University (IAU) which had qualified to interview with their corresponding experiences. The sample population has been made of both faculty members and manger level participants that participate in Delphi roundsFindings: Increasing the volume of data has been one of the major concerns of organizations. They are trying to facilitate its by using information management mechanism. Lack of a comprehensive and systematic approach over time leads to the implementation of a variety of information systems in an organization with different data structures and programming that complicate their usage. Over the years, the issue of information systems interoperability under these conditions has been considered.Results have proven that the key factors of technical interoperability in information system of IAU are:· Ability to interact with information systems and Data exchangeability· Link-ability to decision support system (DSS)· Standard format of saved Data· Centralized security· Centralized Data monitoring· Integrated processing and Synchronization· Easy communication with other systems· Ability to use virtually, online and distance education· And so on.Similarly, this study had claimed the below listed items as the critical organizational interoperability factors of information system in Iranian university case study:· Its mechanism regarding information delivery and updating · Flexibility and ability to Change and update· Dynamic and flexible setting· Changeable task manager· Efficiency measurement and feedback· Expandable architecture· Ability to develop regarding new demands· Service-oriented architectureAnd finally, the most significant semantic interoperability factors of information system in Iranian university case study had highlighted as below:· Ability to code the learning symbols and identifiers · Ability to communicating with independent clients not considering languages. · Using standard coding and identifiers· XML interpreter service· Map service· Preparing a standard format of texting between clients· Content Based Routing· Being user friendly considering user’s knowledge and vocabulary Discussion: At the end, this paper significantly had determined that the architecture of university information system should guaranty the integration of information process while eases the flowing data between the departments or clients smoothly. In the other word, establishing an interoperable information system which covers all technical, Organizational and Semantic aspects and share demanded information with clients on time is the most crucial characteristic of modern organizations. Furthermore, lack of these aspects (technical, Organizational and Semantic) obstructs systems achieving efficiency, development and interoperability, and it may affect their decisions at current competitive market. On the other hand, improving these factors significantly simplifies the communication between clients and increases the effectiveness, efficiency, and customer satisfaction as well.
shahram abdiazar; Nadjla Hariri; fatemeh nooshnfard
Abstract
AbstractBackground and Objectives: The major aim of current research was "to identify the correlation between the state of the philosophic mindedness and the accuracy of their retrieval in selected information databases include Scopus, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Sege and Web of Knowledge Databases. ...
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AbstractBackground and Objectives: The major aim of current research was "to identify the correlation between the state of the philosophic mindedness and the accuracy of their retrieval in selected information databases include Scopus, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Sege and Web of Knowledge Databases. Present research also seeks to answer the following questions:1. What is the average philosophic mindedness of the researchers?2. What is the average of users' retrieval accuracy from the databases under investigation?3. Which of the demographic features of the statistical society has a crucial linkage with the psychological mindedness?4. Which of the demographic features of the statistical society has a crucial linkage with the users’ retrieval accuracy from the databases under investigation?Ultimately, the research hypothesis that "there is a significant correlation between the philosophic subjectivity of the statistical society and their recovery accuracy" will be examined.Methodology: The research method utilized here was semi-experimental. Participants of present survey were 42 researchers in different fields of science (humanities, medical sciences, engineering sciences, arts and basic sciences) in public universities in Tehran, who were chosen on the basis of targeted sampling of the research. In this study, it was endeavored to select factors such as lack of familiarity with search strategies, lack of knowledge of English, and the lack of knowledge of the English language by selecting students to write master's degree dissertation or doctoral theses and autonomous researchers with a master's degree or doctorate in order control the factors so that they will not affect the research outcomes. The Soltani’s philosophic Concept (1996) was utilized to measure the status of the philosophic mindedness of the statistical society. Different studies have been carried out on its validity and reliability. Cronbach's alpha was reported to be 0.91. To elaborate upon the outcomes received from the research data, the mean and standard deviations were deployed for data analysis and Chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, ANOVA, T-test and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the relationship between variables. Findings: The analysis of the characteristics of the philosophic mindedness of the statistical society is indicative that the category of "good and pleasant philosophic mindedness" is most frequent with 21 people, as well as the category of "philosophic mindedness" with three (7.1%) was the least frequent among the participants. In other words, the users enjoyed the "philosophic mindedness". According to the statistical analysis, Scopus's database has retrieved the most r and semi-relevant resources and the Science Direct database has retrieved the least pertinent, semi-related resources. Thus, the Scopus, Sage, ProQuest, Web of knowledge and Science Directories databases have the highest accuracy or precision in data retrieval from the researchers’ point of view. Based on the results of the statistical analysis, the relationship between the philosophic mindedness and the demographic features of the statistical society, there is a significant relationship between the philosophic mindedness of the users and their gender. The analysis also indicated that there is a strong relationship between the accuracy of the retrieval of the statistical sample of the outcomes retrieved in the scientific research databases and their marital status. Moreover, between the accuracy of the retrieval of the statistical sample of the outcomes in all studied bases and their last degree of education is significant, and with increased education, researchers retrieve and find more relevant sources from the databases. The analysis reveals that there is a positive and significant correlation with the reliability of 99% and the level of error less than 0.01 between the variables of the philosophic mindedness of users and the accuracy of their recovery of the results retrieved from the scientific databases. Besides, the intensity of the relationship of all bases with the philosophic mindedness at the strongest level is almost the same which signifies that by raising the philosophic subjectivity of the statistical sample, they will assess the resources with a higher concentration and decision-making power which ultimately will lead to a better retrieval accuracy in the selection of related resources.Discussion: The results received from current study resembles to the outcomes of the study on the impact of the philosophic mindedness of people on facilitating decision-making. Researches have reported that individuals with a high philosophic mindedness have the right decision-making power and have a high ability to handle and run all affairs. The previous findings also signify that people with a high philosophic mindedness make good decisions to promote their performance. Related judgments in data retrieval from search engines are a kind of decision-making process in the research process that has a direct impact on the philosophic mindedness of users so people with a high philosophic mindedness have better recovery. Based on the results, there is a positive and significant relationship between the accuracy of data retrieval from scientific databases and marital status. These outcomes are in line with the findings of the research. In previous studies, there are also individual, psychological, emotional, and demographic factors of the statistical sample such as gender, age, marital status, education, and occupation of the statistical sample had a positive and significant relationship with the accuracy of data retrieval from the databases.
Scientometrics
Firoozeh Dokhani; Amir reza Asnafi; nadjla hariri; fatemeh nooshnfard
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study has aimed to investigate the level of familiarity of librarians and users of the Central Library of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran with Web 2.0 services, especially mobile instant messaging applications. Another goal of this study ...
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Background and Objectives: This study has aimed to investigate the level of familiarity of librarians and users of the Central Library of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran with Web 2.0 services, especially mobile instant messaging applications. Another goal of this study was to provide practical solutions for using applications in order to provide library services. Methodology: This study was an applied research and was conducted with a survey-based approach. The population consisted of librarians and users of the Central Library of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch in Tehran. A digital questionnaire was prepared for data collection, and data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Findings: The findings indicated that librarians and library users were more familiar with Web 2.0 applications than with Librarian 2.0 and Library 2.0. The frequency of librarians’ and users' responsiveness to the use of mobile instant applications was quite high, 0.35 and 0 .40, respectively. In both groups, the use of mobile messaging applications was moderate. Library users also agreed on providing a variety of virtual social media services in the library. Discussion: The analyses of this study on services offered by libraries using mobile instant messaging applications would make libraries adopt new technologies and move towards changes in the new era.
asgar akbari; fatemeh nooshnfard; nadjla hriri
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Knowledge management is a planned and structured view of creating, sharing and storing knowledge as an organizational asset that is designed to enhance the ability, speed and effectiveness of an organization to deliver products or services to customers in line with business ...
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Background and Objectives: Knowledge management is a planned and structured view of creating, sharing and storing knowledge as an organizational asset that is designed to enhance the ability, speed and effectiveness of an organization to deliver products or services to customers in line with business strategy. But the barriers to knowledge flow usually create barriers that lead to temporary constraints, lack of motivation, lack of awareness, and lack of coordination among departments, which in turn impose a heavy cost on the organization, so the main purpose of this study was to rank university libraries. Based on the maturity model of knowledge management to utilize the services of libraries in knowledge management.
Methodology: The present study is a qualitative and quantitative combination. The statistical population consisted of 18 experts in the qualitative section and 184 in the central libraries of the university in the first phase and 35 faculty members in the second group of information science in the first stage. . Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire.
Findings: In evaluating the importance of Friedman test for knowledge flow dimensions with other dimensions of knowledge flow, mean rating of management factors was 5.72, knowledge source dimension 5.17, organizational factors 4.67, time factors 4.37, communication channel factors 4.22, individual factors 4.21, technical factors 3.92 and knowledge features dimension 3.72 which have the lowest rank and least importance among the different dimensions of knowledge flow. In this test, chi-square statistic value was calculated 97.55 and significance level was 0.000. Since the level of significance is smaller than the alpha value (P <0.05), the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the dimensions of knowledge rejection flow and its opposite assumption is confirmed. This means that there is a statistically significant difference between the dimensions of knowledge flow. Also, ranking libraries with maturity levels of knowledge management showed that at developmental level, at the level of individual and managerial factors, at the level of standardization, at the level of knowledge features and communication channels, at the optimization level, at the knowledge source dimension, and at the innovation level, at the organizational factors dimension. Time factors have obstacles. For the knowledge features and communication channels, the standardization stage is more tangible than the stages of knowledge flow. For the source of knowledge, organizational and technical factors are the most hindrances in the fourth level of optimization. For managerial and individual factors, the second level, development, is more tangible for this obstacle. For time factors, innovation is recognized as the most important obstacle. Overall, the results show that innovation is the most tangible step in the whole process.
Discussion: Academic libraries as organizations, based on the steps of the knowledge management cycle, which include knowledge creation, knowledge gathering, knowledge sharing, knowledge access and use of knowledge, have an important role to play in knowledge management. The current status of the library compared to the maturity levels of KM showed that barriers to knowledge flow factors other than start level, development level, standardization level, optimization level and level of innovation have barriers. These barriers at the level of innovation, the level of exploitation, are the output of knowledge management and the ability to manage and lead an organization. If libraries are effectively managed to overcome the barriers at this level, their output will be desirable. Ineffective management and leadership have the most unsuccessful role in managing libraries. It should be kept in mind that organization leadership is a key pillar of knowledge management, so it should be clear to managers how and where to manage knowledge, because if the management of the organization does not seriously support knowledge management in any way, any ineffective effort will be made. Will be. Of course, not all the barriers to knowledge flow factors can be removed at once, or an implementation plan can be designed for all of them, as there are certainly barriers to organizational life and various factors. So, to get rid of them, you need all the attention. Therefore, although the emphasis on the role of managerial factors is more than other factors, the role of other factors such as organizational factors, human factors, technical factors, temporal factors, communication channel factors should not be overlooked. The present study identifies the bottlenecks and levels of barriers at each level of knowledge management levels in academic libraries. Specifies the factors and indicators needed for each step for the next step. This is a great help for managers to use it to remove the barriers to knowledge management.
