نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش شناسی، دانشگاه قم، قم ، ایران

چکیده

هدف: هدف از این پژوهش، ارزیابی محتوا کتاب‌های درسی دوره‌ ابتدایی از نظر میزان توجه به مفاهیم اشتراک دانش است.
روش‌شناسی: پژوهش حاضر، به لحاظ رویکرد، کمّی و به لحاظ هدف، از نوع کاربردی است. برای انجام این پژوهش از روش تحلیل محتوا استفاده شده است؛ واحد تحلیل صفحات (متن، تمرین، تصویر، پانویس) که با مطالعات، تصاویر، تمرین‌ها و فعالیت صورت گرفته است. ابتدا مفاهیم بدست آمده در اشتراک دانش (ضمنی و عینی) و گروهی و فردی جای گرفتند؛ ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها شامل چک‌لیست محقق ‌ساخته است. جامعه پژوهش را کلیه کتاب‌های درسی دوره ابتدایی منتشره شامل 41 کتاب است و از نمونه‌گیری صرف‌نظر شده است. در کلیه کتاب‌های درسی مورد تحلیل، 946 مؤلفه شناسایی شد. سپس داده‌های گردآوری شده به کمک نرم افزار اکسل و با استفاده از شاخص‌های آمار توصیفی در فرایند تحلیلی آنتروپی شانون مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که مؤلفه فعالیت گروهی (دانش ضمنی) بیش‌ترین میزان فراوانی را به خود اختصاص داده و کمترین میزان مؤلفه مربوط به مؤلفه هنر و سرگرمی (ضمنی) است. همچنین در بین کتاب‌های درسی، کتاب علوم تجربی بیشتر از سایر کتاب‌ها به مفاهیم اشتراک دانش توجه شده است. در بین کتاب های درسی، داده‌های بهنجار شده برحسب کتاب­ها، بیشترین ضریب اهمیت از بین دروس مختلف دوره ابتدایی مربوط به کتاب فارسی است و برای بهبود وضعیت اشتراک دانش و دستیابی به اهداف راهکارهایی ارائه گردید.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که میزان توجه به مؤلفه‌های اشتراک دانش در کتاب‌های درسی دوره ابتدایی متوازن نیست و پایه ششم بیشترین میزان توجه را به خود اختصاص داده است. همچنین، کتاب‌های علوم تجربی، فارسی و کار و فناوری بیشترین اهمیت را در زمینه اشتراک دانش دارند. اگرچه اشتراک دانش ضمنی در کتاب‌های درسی برجسته است و به رشد مهارت‌های دانش‌آموزان کمک می‌کند، اما تبدیل آن به دانش عینی به‌عنوان چالشی مهم باقی مانده است. برای بهبود این وضعیت، لازم است دفتر تألیف کتاب‌های درسی به توزیع متوازن مؤلفه‌های اشتراک دانش در تمام پایه‌ها توجه کند، معلمان از روش‌های تدریس فعال استفاده نمایند و مدارس بستر مناسبی برای تقویت تعاملات دانش‌آموزان و تبدیل دانش ضمنی به عینی فراهم آورند. این اقدامات می‌تواند دانش‌آموزان را برای مشارکت مؤثر در سازمان‌های دانش‌بنیان در آینده آماده کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Content analysis elementary textbooks amount of attention to knowledge-sharing concepts

نویسندگان [English]

  • reza karimi 1
  • Fatemeh Eshaghi Macconi 2

1 Associate Professor Knowledge and Information Science .University of Qom, Qom, Iran

2 MA, Department of Knowledge and Information Science,University of Qom, Qom, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: The aim of this research, content analysis of elementary school textbooks is based on the level of attention to knowledge management concepts. This research in terms of approach is quantitative, and in terms of purpose is applied.for this study was used Content analysis method, there have been Pages (Text, Exercise, Image, Footer) analysis unit done with reading studies, images, exercises and activities.
Methodology: The present study is a descriptive research of content analysis type. Sarmad et al. (2022) consider content analysis to have three main stages: preparation and organization, message examination, and data processing. The focus of this research was on the third stage of analysis, data processing. In this study, the content of elementary school textbooks, including text, images, and exercises, was analyzed based on knowledge-sharing components (tacit and explicit) and both group and individual aspects. The entire text was analyzed, and the recording unit included the "entire text and images" of the textbooks of the six elementary grades. This study aimed to process data using a new method derived from systems theory, known as Shannon’s entropy. In information theory, entropy is an index for measuring uncertainty expressed through a probability distribution. This theory, known as the compensatory model, classified the content of elementary school textbooks in terms of attention to knowledge-sharing components (tacit and explicit). The statistical population of this study included all elementary school textbooks, authored and published by the Textbook Planning and Compilation Office. The sample consisted of all textbooks through census sampling: 5 books for the first grade, 6 books for the second grade, 7 books for the third grade, 7 books for the fourth grade, 7 books for the fifth grade, and 9 books for the sixth grade. The main content analysis tool in this research was a researcher-made content analysis checklist for elementary school textbooks, designed based on knowledge-sharing components. This checklist was developed based on knowledge management theories by Nonaka & Takeuchi (1995) and Alavi & Leidner (2001).
Findings: First, the obtained concepts were placed in knowledge sharing (implicit and objective) and group and individual; The data collection tool includes a researcher-made checklist. The research population includes all the published elementary school textbooks, including 41 books, and sampling was omitted. In all the analyzed textbooks, 946 components were identified. Then, the collected data was analyzed with the help of Excel software and using descriptive statistics indicators in Shannon's entropy analytical process. The results showed that the component of group activity (implicit knowledge) has the highest frequency and the lowest component is related to the component of art and entertainment (implicit). Also, among the textbooks, the book of experimental sciences has paid more attention to the concepts of knowledge sharing than other books. Among the textbooks, the normalized data according to the books, the highest coefficient of importance among the different subjects of the elementary course is related to the Persian book, and solutions were presented to improve the status of knowledge sharing and achieve the goals.
Discussion: The results of the study indicate that the attention given to knowledge-sharing components in elementary school textbooks is not balanced, with the sixth grade receiving the most focus. Additionally, the textbooks of Experimental Sciences, Persian, and Work and Technology pay the most attention to knowledge sharing. Although tacit knowledge sharing is prominent in the textbooks and helps develop students' skills, converting it into explicit knowledge remains a significant challenge. To improve this situation, it is necessary for the Textbook Planning Office to ensure a balanced distribution of knowledge-sharing components across all grades, teachers should use active teaching methods, and schools should create an appropriate environment to enhance student interactions and convert tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. These actions can prepare students for effective participation in knowledge-based organizations in the future. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Content Evaluation
  • Elementary School
  • Textbooks
  • Knowledge sharing Concepts
  • Shannon Entropy
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