Original Article
faemeh ahmadinasab
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Abstract is a compact that introduces an academic paper with the least possible words. The number of people who read the abstracts is much broader than those who read the full text of articles. Most readers usually decide upon going through the full text of the article after ...
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Background and Objectives: Abstract is a compact that introduces an academic paper with the least possible words. The number of people who read the abstracts is much broader than those who read the full text of articles. Most readers usually decide upon going through the full text of the article after reading the abstract. In fact, after the title, the abstract is of great importance. Unfortunately, it seems that the majority of authors and scholars - despite their care for the body of their paper - write the abstract hastily using copy and paste method. Since the abstract is brief and informatively condensed, it is necessary to observe all linguistic considerations in order to increase its readability. Cohesion is one of the factors that contributes to the improvement and readability of the text. Abstract as one of the important components of the article should represent the content of the article. But due to the length limitations, the authors find it difficult to write the abstract, because they should display the content with the least words. Most writers use copy and paste method; they get different sentences from different sections of the article, such as introduction, methodology, analysis of the results and conclusion. This method, in spite of the presentation of the article, usually reduces its readability, because of the lack of cohesive ties. This shows the importance of studying abstracts based on Halliday-Hasan cohesion theory. In this research, Persian abstracts of the ISC top journals in 7 areas were investigated based on the Halliday-Hasan cohesion theory. Also, in the present study, the possibility of adding to the linguistic guidelines of the ISO 214-1976 abstracting was examined. In research was conducted to answer the following questions: 1. How are ISC top journals of the 7 subject areas of science ranked based on the Halliday-Hasan cohesive theory? 2. What cohesive ties are used by the authors in Persian abstracts? 3. is there any possibility of adding any linguistic direction to the ISO 214-1976 abstracting Guidelines, based on cohesion theory? Methodology: Since the present study was conducted by content analysis and comparative analysis, the sampling method was collecting data based on available resources. A checklist was developed based on Halliday-Hasan cohesion theory (1976). 21 ISC top journals- 3 in every subject area of science- with the highest impact factors were selected for the study. 24 articles from the latest available issues of every journal were downloaded from its website. The abstracts were extracted and investigated by the researcher to find cohesive ties. Findings: The most frequent cohesive devices used in the abstracts of the papers of ISC top journals are respectively reference, conjunction, ellipsis and substitution. In addition, in the abstracts of basic sciences and humanities, more cohesive devices are used than in the other 5 areas. With regard to the findings, it is possible to add to the linguistic directions of the guidelines of the ISO 214-1976 abstracting not only for writing Persian abstracts, but also for writing abstracts in general. They are as follows: 1. Use conjunctions to create causal, temporal, additive… relationship between the sentences. 2. Use transparent cohesive words and avoid the ambiguous ones. 4. Use ellipsis, both for nominal and verbal to shorten sentences. 5. Take care of the position of cohesive ties and their frequency should be in proportion to the number of sentences to make abstracts more transparent and readable Discussion: Since abstracts play a key role in introducing an academic paper and can play a key role in its retrieval, the present study investigates abstracts in terms of Halliday-Hasan cohesive theory. Findings showed that in many abstracts, the lack of cohesive ties have led into semantic ambiguity and thus less readability. This finding is consistent with the findings of the Milky study (2002). Another finding was that the most frequent cohesive ties were reference and conjunction, which confirmed the findings of Hoseinzadeh (2001). This finding, of course, is not consistent with Rai Dehghi (1380), because in the latter, ellipsis was more used than reference and conjunction. In the abstracts of subject areas of science, except for agriculture, reference has been used more than conjunction. The present study showed that abstracts of quarterly journal of Biomedical Engineering, quarterly journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities and quarterly journal of Political and International Approaches have the highest number of cohesive ties. The findings showed that in the abstracts of the basic sciences and humanities, more cohesive ties were used in comparison to other five subject areas, and the field of medical sciences stands in the last position. Of course, most of the investigated abstracts of medical sciences were structured abstracts. It is likely that the abstract type had influenced the findings. Therefore, it is suggested that this issue be investigated in another study. In addition, the present study added a few linguistic directions to the guidelines for writing abstracts, based on the Halliday-Hasan cohesive theory.
Original Article
Ali Mansoori; Maliheh Salimian rezie
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The present study examines the factors that affecting the attraction and development of public participation in the field of libraries from donor’s view and practical solutions in order to attract public participation. Investigation of researches generally showed that, ...
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Background and Objectives: The present study examines the factors that affecting the attraction and development of public participation in the field of libraries from donor’s view and practical solutions in order to attract public participation. Investigation of researches generally showed that, popular participation is influenced by individual factors such as age, gender, individual commitment, social class, individual emotion, social and mass media. Also, the time and environmental conditions, and awareness of the issues and problems of the community enhance social participation. In previous research, media advertising has been highlighted as one of the most important factors influencing the attraction of public participation. Public participation in critical situations or in cases such as education are areas that researchers have addressed. Cultural areas such as libraries and book reading have received less attention from researchers. Methodology: The present study is a qualitative research. The benefactors of Isfahan city were considered as the research community that out of which, five people were selected through purposeful sampling. In the present study, the method of interviewing and in particular semi-structured interview (semi-standard or semi-centralized) was used as data collection technique. To ensure the content validity and relevance of the interview questions to the objectives of the study, after several interviews the questionnaires were approved by three LIS professionals and consulted with civil society activists. After each interview, the analysis would begin and then the next interview would be analyzed. Investigating and analyzing the results of the research showed that participation in charity is influenced by many factors, especially having a philanthropic spirit and serving one another. In spite of the non-profitability of the type of benevolent services, the areas of education, health and religion have attracted the most popular participation, so it is expected that with the non-profitability of the type of services and activities of libraries in Planners and awareness-raising officials will be constantly pursued by authorities to attract more public participation in libraries and information centers. Findings: Complex bureaucracies in the country's administrative space, lack of clear and transparent strategies and laws, as well as a lack of serious good support for participation in the construction and equipping of libraries by trusted organizations and institutions have been major obstacles. At present, various organizations, including municipalities, guidance agencies, public libraries, endowments, mosques, and cultural and non-cultural institutions, are responsible for the libraries in the country, and there is a lack of integrated management and decision-making in the field of libraries. It is therefore one of the major obstacles to attracting public participation in this regard, so it is necessary to integrate and encourage donors to participate in the field of libraries in a unified manner, and also to facilitate integration. And removing the administrative and legal barriers to the necessary actions and follow-up by the Board of Governors.The results show that some of the respondents do not have the necessary knowledge about the nature, mission and functions of libraries. "... for example, this central library in Isfahan, what percentage of Isfahan people use it, I don't think they use one percent ...” This type of judgment indicates a lack of awareness and understanding of the services and activities of the libraries, as well as good bias and lack of correct information, such as "... I have not seen the Central Library yet, but I don't think they will use one percent although my children go to the library two days a week, do people come to the library at all? ". Various factors can cause this to happen, such as lack of need and awareness of the type of services provided in libraries, lack of publicity and awareness of statistics, practices and services offered in libraries, and the type of culture prevailing in the community. For this reason, stereotyped tasks for libraries have become widespread among the community, which is inconsistent with the realities of the library. It is therefore recommended that authorities not only provide documentary information and information on the usefulness of libraries' services and activities, to ensure good scientific research on the extent of use, valuable short- and long-term impacts of libraries, and promote Study the community as well as the cost-effectiveness of libraries and information centers and provide the results of research to the public with full awareness. It is better to provide the tangible achievements of city libraries, the valuable results of promoting reading in the individual lives of citizens and the community, the short-term and long-term impacts of libraries throughout the community, the number of library members, and the limitations of libraries. The results showed that the status of the library in projects related to education or health care was neglected. The results of the present study showed that the most beneficiaries in this field are hospital and clinic building, medical equipment supply and finally treatment. Given the emphasis of health authorities on the importance and necessity of disease prevention, this is undoubtedly by raising awareness and disseminating documented information on disease prevention, health care, and the inherent duties of libraries and information centers. And the research results indicate that good capabilities have not been used so far. Discussion: Based on the research findings, the following suggestions are made to increase the attraction and development of donors in the field of building and equipping libraries: - Planning for identifying, attracting and directing goodwill in the library sector - Announcing the need in the field of building and equipping libraries formally on behalf of trustees representing the government - Planning for consistent, continuous advertising, and the cultivation of charitable activities in library-building - Take advantage of up-to-date advertising to attract donors with new features
Original Article
Mahdi Mohammadi; Somayeh Panahi; Somayeh Parvin
Abstract
Background and Objectives: One of the most significant outcomes of the progress of information technology is probably over the training program and its follow-up job requirements. So, revision of curriculum in higher education is one of the rational approaches to the dynamics of academic disciplines. ...
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Background and Objectives: One of the most significant outcomes of the progress of information technology is probably over the training program and its follow-up job requirements. So, revision of curriculum in higher education is one of the rational approaches to the dynamics of academic disciplines. Therefore, education authorities are acting on issues involving the revision of new educational programs in line with how well they meet their society's needs. In the same vein, the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology has placed the necessity of revising the curriculum of all academic disciplines at regular intervals (five years). The study attempts to investigate educational materials presented for trends of "Public Library Studies, Managing Academic Libraries" and, "Digital Library Management". Methodology: This research is an applied research using the "content analysis" method. To conduct this research, the latest curriculum revised during the 2011-2013 period was analyzed which approved by the Iranian Curriculum Programming Committee on Information and Knowledge Science for these three fields. In order to retrieve various classifications of Persian and English books, researchers were referred to websites of The National Library of Iran and the Library of Congress, respectively. Data was analyzed using Excel software. Findings: A total of 525 sources for all three trends were introduced that included 443 books, 79 articles, and 3 theses, respectively. Linguistically, 297 Persian and 228 foreign sources were found. The most Persian and English sources are proposed for the trends of "Managing Academic Libraries" and "Digital Library Management". Out of a total of 226 Persian books, 50% of the educational materials found in Z class (bibliography, bibliography, books, books, industry, and book trade), and more specifically in subclass of ZA (Information Sources), then, followed by classes of the H (Social Sciences) and Q (Science). Finally, the choice of resources from the classes P (Language and Literature) and T (Technology) and B (Philosophy, Psychology, and Religion) was also considered at 12.3%. The retrieval results showed that out of a total of 166 English books, more than 54% of the educational materials have been belonged to Z class and then the most resources from the class H (16%) and Q (14%). There are few sources in the Ttechnology and Law classes. The fewest introduced resources to belong to classes as following the D (History), philosophy (B), and (C). Of course, there are no sources in L class) Education) and G (Geography) and P (Language and Literature), and J (Political Science). Also, most of the proposed works in the field belong to "Rahmatollah Fattahi" and "Mohammad Hasanzadeh" and in the field of articles, the most works were written by "Yaghoub Norouzi" and "Azam Sanatjoo". The most frequent references were also for the common headline of the "Foundations of Library and Information Science". Discussion: There is no source for the Seminar headlines except in the trend of "Digital Libraries Management". In fact, the lack of attention to these units has caused many problems in the writing of thesis and scientific papers, and it can be concluded that there is significant relationship between this defect and the skill level of students and the potential of their research ideas, it is possible that negligence can be attributed to Curriculum Programming Committee, because it does not seem logical to include practical units without introducing the offered courses for teaching. It often seems that misconduct has not occurred deliberately due to researchers’ lack of knowledge of the proper methods of studying and adapting the work of others. Therefore, it's better to always include prominent theses in various headlines. Fortunately, half of the books were listed in Z class. Other remarkable points can be the lack of proposed resources in the T class. Indeed, the lack of choice textbooks of technology class to confront the digital and information society can be concerning and should be taken in future reviews. According to the findings, the review of research shows, the need for review at regular intervals (maximum five years) can contribute to the coherence of the presentation of headlines and suggested suitable resources for different trends in the field
Original Article
Maryam Saberi; Mohsen Nowkarizi; Mohammad Hossein Dayyani
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Attention to the users and their attitudes is one of the important concerns of designers of information systems which has led to the design of several models for acceptance and use of technology. One of these models is the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology ...
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Background and Objectives: Attention to the users and their attitudes is one of the important concerns of designers of information systems which has led to the design of several models for acceptance and use of technology. One of these models is the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model, which consists of four main dependent variables of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions and two main independent variables of intention and behavior, and use (user).On the other hand, despite the efforts and costs involved in designing scientific databases in Persian language, these databases have so far failed to find their proper place among scholars and the scientific community of Iran. The set of IRANDOC databases is among these databases. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to determine the position of the main variables (dependent and independent) of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model among users of the IRANDOC databases. Methodology: The approach adopted in the present research is quantitative and in terms of purpose it is an applied research. Also, it is a survey. The statistical population of this study included all potential users of the set of the IRANDOC databases (known as Ganjineh). The size of the research population was infinite. For this reason, the Morgan formula was used to determine the sample size for indeterminate statistical population. The number of sample members of this study was 325. Simple random sampling method was used. Finally, 250 questionnaires (77% of the total distributed questionnaires) were received and considered as the final sample. In this study, a questionnaire was used as a tool for surveying the variables of research and data collection. In order to measure the research variables, a pre-prepared standard questionnaire based on UTAUT model, including six sub-variables and twenty one items was used. Since the tool was designed by the developer of the model, for the instrument's validity only experts were used to adapt the English to Persian translation. Cronbach's alpha was calculated as 0.94. To determine the rating of each item in the tool, the 5 value Likert scale was used. In order to analyze data, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (factor analysis and one sample T-test) were used. Findings: The findings of this study are presented in three sections: 1. Study of the status of variables based on the average of the participants’ opinion: In this section, it was found that the "performance expectancy" variable had a higher score. 2. Comparison of the mean of UTAUT model: In order to determine the effect of each of the sub-variables of acceptance and use from the IRANDOC databases users’ views and also to calculate the position of these components factor analysis was carried out. It was found that among the independent variables, the "effort expectancy" variable was more influential concerning the acceptance and use of the IRANDOC database than other related variables. Meanwhile, there was no difference between the two dependent variables (behavior intention and use) in influencing the acceptance and use of the users of these databases. 3. Comparison of acceptance status and use of the IRANDOC database with the average status: The results of one-sample T-test and comparison with the average condition (3) showed that with the exception of the "use" variable, the remaining variables were higher than the average. Also, the comparison of the overall UTAUT model (the acceptance index and the technology utilization) with the average showed that the index was also above the average. Discussion: Based on the effect of influential variables, the “effort expectancy" variable had a higher score than other variables .Accordingly, it seems that from the viewpoint of users of the set of the above mentioned databases, the ease of use (user-friendliness) of these databases has had the greatest impact on the acceptance and use of them. Moreover, the results of the research showed that the level of all the main variables of the UTAUT, with the exception of the use (user), was higher than the average (3). This finding is debatable from two perspectives: firstly, the users of IRANDOCT databases have largely accepted and used these databases due to their specific characteristics (such as the diversity of information resources, the age, availability, speed of access Resources, and updates). On the other hand, the results of the present study showed that the use variable (user) was in the middle position, unlike other variables of the model. Also, the comparison of the mean user opinion confirmed this finding as the mean of this variable was lower than other variables. This result can be explained by the fact that other variables, appear to affect the user's use of the databases. In summary, the results of this study show that the design of scientific databases should be carried out with a futuristic and accurate attention to the factors affecting the acceptance and utilization of these technological tools, so that the cost, the usefulness of the databases and information resources are guaranteed.
Original Article
Mehdi Rahmani; Amir Reza Asnafi; Mohammad Amin Erfanmanesh
Abstract
Background and Objectives: References in papers, articles, dissertations and so on are very important. Readers use these references in their works so citations and references must be accuarated. Citation behavior has its issues and problems. There are some errors in documentation of evidences that can ...
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Background and Objectives: References in papers, articles, dissertations and so on are very important. Readers use these references in their works so citations and references must be accuarated. Citation behavior has its issues and problems. There are some errors in documentation of evidences that can effect on quality of scientific works. Wrong citation can disconnect relation between scholar and resource. It means that with existing error in references or citations a scholar can not find needed resources and linking between text and citation can not be appeared. So, the aim of this study is to verify the accuracy of citation of defended thesis in Shahid Beheshti University in the period of 2012-2015. Methodology: The method of research in light of the practical purpose and data collection method is surveying. This research is in the form of survey and the statistical population included all thesis defended in the academic years 2012-2015 in Shahid Beheshti University; the total number is 6251. The total amount of citations was 287269 which based on Cochran formula with 98% confidence, finally 2381 citation were selected as the sample in this study.The sampling method was stratified random. With regard to the components of the citation document type and the citation proof language, eight citations from each dissertation were examined, in each of the theses, the following citations were examined: 1. The first Persian Article citations and the first Latin Article citations. 2. The first Persian book citation and the first Latin book citation. 3. The first Persian dissertation citation and the first Latin dissertation citation. 4. The first Persian Web citation and the first Latin Web citation. The method for collecting data in this study was direct observation. Firstly, all selected citations, from Persian databases, Latin and general search engines, were searched for the existence or absence of such a source. In the second stage, the validity of each citations was verified according to the retrieved information. In the next step, the errors of each citation were recorded in the checklist. Then, the problems and errors of each of the citations were based on the results of the retrieval in the checklist. At the same time, during the research process, each selected citation was recorded in accordance with the school's style sheet, and the errors of each of the elements in the dedicated section were recorded in the checklist for these errors. Types of citation errors based on the division of work of Azadeh et al. (2009) were divided into two groups of large errors and small errors. Major errors or serious problems in retrieving the document or failing to retrieve the document. Examples include the wrong name of the authors, the deletion of the authors, the large misspellings in the title of the article, spelling mistakes in the limited edition of the publication, the year of the publication of the mistake or its exclusion, the elimination of the period or the mention of the wrong period, and so on. It is worth noting that in the total amount of errors, only one small error and a large error will be considered in each element, for example, in the title of the article on the existence of two errors: "mistakes in the title of the article" and "mistakes in the use of signs" ", Only a small error was calculated. Large citation errors include mistakes and mistakes such as mistakes in the name of the author / s, inaccuracy in the information about the publication year, inaccuracies in the information about the title of the article or the book, the mistakes of the information on the title of the journal, the error of the information about The issue number and period of publication, the mistake of the publisher's information, the misprinting of the publication information, and the small citation errors, including spelling mistakes in the various citation fields, are the falseness of the marks used in the citation. Findings: A total of 2381 citations were selected to verify the authenticity of documents which some of them didn't have some citation; Overall 1951 citations were examined. From examined citations, 68 numbers didn't retrieved and were blind citations. The results show that among the error sources based on the type of source citation, citation source language, and level of education component, faculty and the year of defending thesis, there is significant differences. However gender component does not have a significant impact on the accuracy of citation. Discussion: Several factors can be found in happening of unfavorable situation in theses. We can suggest some solution in order to optimize citiation management and copying in theses .such as allocating some part of thesis score in to validity of citiation provided, holding educational workshops of resource management and organizing unit in university to verify thesis citations
Original Article
Saeedeh Khalilian; Asefeh Asemi
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The purpose of the study was the possibility of using an expert system decision based on the MCDM techniques to help in the retrieval and selection of resource information in IRANDOC. The main problem of the current study was that end-users do not have the same knowledge ...
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Background and Objectives: The purpose of the study was the possibility of using an expert system decision based on the MCDM techniques to help in the retrieval and selection of resource information in IRANDOC. The main problem of the current study was that end-users do not have the same knowledge and experience in familiarizing them with databases and subject-specific skills. Also, users are faced with Persian language problems and errors instructions for information retrieval. On the other hand, the large amount of information retrieved will cause confusion and waste of time for users. Therefore, the best solution is to use a decision making system. This research attempted to feasibility of using the decision-making expert sub-system in the IRANDOC database. Methodology: In this research was used a descriptive-survey method. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used in part of the research. In the first stage, scientific literature were reviewed and were identified the criteria for assessing and selecting information resources in IRANDOC. Then expert opinions were received about the identified criteria and were finalized them. In the next step, these criteria were placed in the questionnaire to evaluate them. The questionnaire was sent electronically to PhD students in the field of Knowledge and Information Science in Iran. They were asked to score points from 1 to 9 based on a two-by-one preferential judgment. The number 9 had the highest score and the number 1 had the lowest score. Next, an open interview was conducted with the seniors of IRANDOC database to answer the last sub-question of the research. The researcher called on IRANDOC experts to use the experience of technical experts and to use their ideas and ideas. First, the explanations given on the subject under study. Then they were asked about the possibility of joining the expert sub-system to retrieve information resources with a fuzzy approach on IRANDOC. Finally, the data was analyzed by AHP method & Excel software was used for the calculation, drawing charts and graphs. Findings: It is found that Ranking Criterions Based on AHP method as follows: up to date the Prefer 0.196429, Documentary the Prefer 0.173154, Output status the Prefer 0.1164145 & Value and quality of resources the Prefer 0.0270342 was respectively in First to fourth Priority Also Specialist database was predicted possible the link decision based on fuzzy MCDM techniques to help in the retrieval and selection of resource information. There are certain criteria for choosing printed information sources that are responsible for making decisions based on these criteria. There are some differences in the selection of Internet and digital information resources. The easy dissemination of information and the large amount of information resources in information systems has created a variety and access to information for users. IRANDOC also has a web-based information system. Many Persian science information resources are available through the Web. Users are confronted with a lot of problems in IRANDOC when they retrieve information resources related to their information needs. They need to the intelligent tools that help them retrieve and select the information resources. In this research, the criteria were identified and prioritized based on the MCDM fuzzy technique. According to the findings, these criteria were categorized into four categories: the value and quality of information resources; the status of the output of information resources; the timeliness of information resources; and the documentation of information resources. They were measured and prioritized with AHP technique. The findings showed that the availability of information resources was first priority given the results with a preference of 0.196429. Then documentary information resources with 0.173154 preferences of 0.1164145 and the value and quality of the information source with 0.0270342 preference were placed in the second, third and fourth priorities, respectively. Discussion:It was concluded that according to the criteria studied, "timeliness of information resources" has a role in data retrieval. Subsequently, the criteria for documenting, the status of output, and then the value and quality of information resources in selecting and retrieving information resources are prioritized. According to the findings of the research, 10 sub criteria were selected for information retrieval. These ten criteria include credibility of the information resources, the reliability of the information resource, the quality of the information retrieved, the type of retrieved information format, the availability of full text information resources, the language of the information resources, the type of information retrieved (book, article, etc.).The date of publication / release date of information resources, information resources, statistics of citation reports of information resources. In prioritizing these criteria using the AHP technique, the "update of information source" ranked first in the "source of information source" in the second place and the "statistics of citation reports of the source of information" ranked third. It was concluded that the most important factor in selecting of information resource in information retrieval is the up-to-date resource. Perhaps the reason for this conclusion is that today information has become a fundamental human need. The advancement of human civilization depends on the use of information at a convenient time and place. Researchers are trying to access the new and up-to-date information of the world and be able to compete with their rivals. They are always looking for the latest information resources. Therefore, it is imperative that the databases provide users with the facilities and the best resources available to users. IRANDOC can use an expert system for retrieve and select information resources. To achieve this aim, it should go a long way in to join an expert ideal system.
Original Article
Mansor Kohi Rostami; hamid Ghazizadeh; Negar Moori Bakhtyari
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The philosophy of the existence of libraries is to serve the people, and according to very Pundits, the most important philosophy of the library is "service to society and humanity". Since the customer is the pulse of the life of public libraries, the main goal of customer ...
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Background and Objectives: The philosophy of the existence of libraries is to serve the people, and according to very Pundits, the most important philosophy of the library is "service to society and humanity". Since the customer is the pulse of the life of public libraries, the main goal of customer relationship management in public libraries is to attract and retain customers to public libraries. Customer relationship management is influenced by many factors in public libraries and in this diverse cultural environment. In this research, we focused on two variables of communication skills and cultural intelligence in customer relationship management. Today, public libraries are looking for librarians who can function as groups in a multicultural environment. On the other hand, they have the ability to communicate continuously with people from different cultures. So it's necessary to be familiar with different cultures and to communicate properly with other cultures. For this purpose librarians of public libraries need communication skills and cultural intelligence. This research is carried out in the public libraries of Khuzestan province, a province considered as a miniature of ethnic and cultural diversity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of communicative skills of librarians in public libraries of Khuzestan province through mediation by cultural intelligence on Customer Relationship Management. Methodology: The research method is survey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and partial least squares method were used to test the hypotheses and model fitness. The statistical population of this study is 380 librarians of general libraries in Khuzestan province. According to Morgan table, 181 people participated as a sample in research. In the design of the proposed research model, independent variable communication skills; cultural intelligence as intermediary variable and customer relationship management as a dependent variable. Measurement tools are three questionnaires, Ang's cultural intelligence (2004), Barton's Communication skills (1990) and Customer Relationship Management (Sin and et al. 2005). Cronbach's alpha method was used to measure the reliability of research tools. The Cronbach's alpha value of the questionnaires represents a good reliability of the research tool. In this study, to analyze the data from Smart PLS software and SPSS Software Used. Findings:The results of single-sample t-test showed that the mean score of communication skills, cultural intelligence and customer relationship management was significantly lower than the cut score (p <0.001), which shows that The research sample is in a disadvantaged position in terms of communication skills, cultural intelligence and customer relationship management. There is a significant difference between librarians in librarianship and non-librarianship in terms of communication skills, cultural intelligence and customer relationship management. The correlation coefficients of communication skills on cultural intelligence, communication skills, and intuitive intelligence on customer relationship management were 0.817, 0.495 and 0.229, respectively, which was statistically significant in the level of error and with probability 95.9 can be said that communication skills and cultural intelligence are effective on customer relationship management. Also, the results of t-sobel test confirmed the role of mediator of cultural intelligence in relation to communication skills and customer relationship management. The findings also showed that the level of significance was less than 0.01 and less than 0.05. On the other hand, the amount of T statistics, which is 4.49 and 1.96, is 95% confident. Cultural intelligence has a mediating role in communication skills and customer relationship management. Given that values for all components are greater than 0.35, the predictive power of the model is good, and the whole model is well suited to predicting the corresponding values. The fitting results of the model also showed that the values of fitness indices obtained at the desirable level indicate that the fitting of the proposed model is desirable. Discussion: Communication skills and cultural intelligence are crucial to the functioning and management of effective communication between clients in public libraries. The cultural diversity of public library users is one of the major issues librarians face. The role of the librarian as an intermediary between the library and library users and the acquisition of communication skills and cultural intelligence is very important in managing communication with clients in public libraries that are connected with a diverse society with diverse needs. Due to this complexity, librarians of public libraries need to have a high level of cultural intelligence and communication skills for communicating with clients. It is suggested that managers and planners of public libraries should pay close attention to the important role of cultural intelligence and communication skills in interactions.
Original Article
faraborz doroudi
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The user interface of libraries' websites has a decisive role in optimal performance, and libraries can, when they can, have a good performance so that users can communicate with them. In this research, from the viewpoint of library and information professionals, and from the ...
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Background and Objectives: The user interface of libraries' websites has a decisive role in optimal performance, and libraries can, when they can, have a good performance so that users can communicate with them. In this research, from the viewpoint of library and information professionals, and from the point of view of compliance with the Nielsen ratings, it has been examined whether these criteria have been addressed in the design of the UI web site. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interface of the National Book Web site of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the level of compatibility of this website with Nielsen's components in a revealing approach. Methodology: The present study was a survey based on revelation evaluation. Nielsen's Revelation Assessment was first described in 1990 at the Human-Computer Interaction Conference, which included the use of a small set of evaluators to check the user interface environment and to judge that the user interface features are matched with pre-defined check log criteria. Simple random sampling has been used to choose, but considering that in the user interface studies with an opposite approach, it is better to use expert data. In this research, two main criteria were the criterion for selecting the evaluators. Therefore, 37 individuals were selected randomly, which had two conditions: 1. having a minimum undergraduate degree in librarianship and apprenticeship; 2. Understanding the concept of the user interface. Cranach’s alpha coefficient was used to assess the validity of the check list. The results obtained with 77 questions on the 37 users showed that its alpha coefficient is equal to 0.96, which is a high coefficient. In order to assess the validity of the check list, Content validity method was used in this study. Findings: In this research, the pattern of revelation that has been identified by numerous studies as a valid universal model for measuring the user-environment utilization has been used to evaluate the user interface environment. The results of the study showed that the degree of compliance of the interface with the " The clarity and feasibility of the system", " the correspondence between the system with the real world", " stability and consistency", " aesthetic aspects and simple design", " recognition instead of reminding messages ", the components of "user control and release", "helping the user to prevent and correct errors", "flexible and system efficiency", "guidance and documentation" are modest, and the level of compliance with the "error prevention" component is very low. Also, the results of the evaluation indicate that on the website of the National Library of Iran, the criterion of control and freedom of action of the user of the website, with 37.84 percent of the criteria, is more consistent with the criteria than the other components and the criterion of error prevention with a minimum of 19.5 percent compliance is the least consistency. The Nielsen component has ten components. To further benefit from the website of the National Library of Iran, the problems in the web interface that interfere with the users' perception should be identified so that designers of the environment try to resolve their work problems. Considering that in this research, it has been attempted to review the problems of the system by observing all the problems of revelation, it is still possible that there would be problems that the evaluators have left behind. One of the problems found on this site is the bustle and confusion of the UI page. It is not possible to define a different user interface for specific user groups. Data analysis showed that the interface of the website interface of the National Library of Iran with 10 components of Nielsen is generally higher than the average. This website did not have a desirable standard on some of the Nielsen model. Discussion: The review of the findings of the study on the degree of compliance with the criterion of visibility of the status of the system suggests that users believed that the website of the National Library of the Islamic Republic of Iran will alert them to a great deal about what is happening through appropriate feedback. Also, regarding the compatibility measure between the system and the real world, the result showed that the user interface of the National Library website is largely consistent with this criterion. It seems that the user-interface designers of the National Library of the Islamic Republic of Iran website has been working more towards alignment between the system and the real world. The goal of each site is to help users to interact more with the system; therefore, compliance with this criterion is the focus of attention on the user and his needs. Web site control and users’ freedom of action has a special place in the user's minds, which attracts them and creates interest in them, increases user interaction and facilitates user interaction. The status of this benchmark is modest on the website of the National Library. Considering the importance of the flexibility and system efficiency, it seems that the designers of the website of the National Library of the Islamic Republic of Iran should place more emphasis on the components of the "possibility of color change", in specific cases by the user and "the possibility of personalization of the way information is displayed" in order to reach the desired level in terms of the "flexibility and system efficiency" criterion. Given the importance of benchmarking user assistance in identifying and correcting errors, the National Library website designers need to focus more on the components of helping users identify errors and fix them, informing users of possible errors and applied issues, so that this criterion lead to the expected and desirable situation for users. In the "user control and freedom" criterion, it is not possible to define a different user interface for specific user groups, as well as non-personalization of displaying existing information.
Original Article
Narges Neshat; Zahra Sadat Alami
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Today, the index of scientific outputs is in the focus of policy makers and decision makers at national and international levels; However, it alone cannot be considered a definitive sign for the all-round growth and development of science; But the fact is that today many decisions ...
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Background and Objectives: Today, the index of scientific outputs is in the focus of policy makers and decision makers at national and international levels; However, it alone cannot be considered a definitive sign for the all-round growth and development of science; But the fact is that today many decisions in the field of research and development are made based on the scientific outputs of countries and as a visual object, provide the possibility of comparison, judgment, and benchmarking.
Library and information science (LIS) has emerged, not only as a profession and the educational programme that supports it, but also as a research discipline. Research is needed to create new knowledge and there by contribute to the growth of LIS as a profession or discipline. If research and researcher are absent, non-existent or even scarce, there is no profession, but only an occupation grounded in techniques, routine and common sense. This is, of course, the important reason why research is conducted into library and information science (LIS), or why research products are important. That is why it is important to see what are the barriers to research outputs and how to overcome these barriers. Librarians and other information specialists such as faculty members must to development effectiveness in LIS with their scientific output and services. In this study we want to comparison of scientific products of faculty members of library and information science in research centers and determining the factors affecting it.
Methodology: Methodology is the means by which their searcher collects data, might consist of self-reports surveys, statistical analysis, or anather methods. This study has been done with cientometric approach and two methods of content analysis and survey. Survey was used to rate and compare scientific output. Then, based on the qualitative content analysis of texts related to this subject, the barriers to scientific production were extracted and designed in the form of a questionnaire.
Findings: As mentioned, one of the main pillars of science production is the scientific community and their scientific fertility; And faculty members are one of the most basic elements of this scientific fertility. One of the consequences and products of their performance is products that appear in the form of information sources such as books, articles, reports, standards, etc. It is due to the existence of such products and consumption trends in the scientific community that the index of scientific fertility makes sense in this field. The importance of this index is that it can be used to express the status of scientific research in quantitative language and measure it, and thus achieve an objective picture of them in different areas of a country. The findings of this study showed that the tendency to produce an article is greater than other information items. Persian is also the dominant language. The highest per capita scientific production is related to the Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization with 156 scientific productions. Next is the Iranian Institute of Information Science and Technology, and the Research Institute of Islamic Science and Culture.
Discussion: Among the Inhibiting factors scientific production, Individual barriers to scientific production among faculty members of the three centers of the Islamic Encyclopaedia Foundation, the Shiraz Science and Technology Information Center, and the Research Institute of Islamic Science and Culture have been more than other centers. So, the faculty members of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature, the Islamic Encyclopedia Foundation, and the Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture have had most external barriers. Intra-organizational barriers are more common among the Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, the Academy of Persian Language and Literature, and the Islamic Encyclopedia Foundation and the National Library and Archives. Therefore, it is suggested that each of these research centers take action to remove these barriers. Another point is to pay attention to efficient and scientific management in these centers. Because in the shadow of optimal policy in this field, individual, internal and external organizational barriers can change their place with opportunities. The management of research centers must be able to use downstream forces and their creativity properly. Facilitate faculty members' access to the organization's research programs; Dissemination of research culture and promotion of the value and dignity of the faculty members of the studied research centers are also among the things that can be achieved through proper research management. In this study, inhibitory factors from the perspective of faculty members were considered; Therefore, to complete and compare the views, it is suggested that these factors be measured from the perspective of officials and managers of research centers and compared with the findings of the present study.
Original Article
zahrasadat sajadi
Abstract
The objective of the research is to measure the relation of organizational empowerment and competitive performance in educational researches and agricultural promotions libraries.The method used in this project is analytical survey and population are all from librarians (104 people) in which 100 persons ...
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The objective of the research is to measure the relation of organizational empowerment and competitive performance in educational researches and agricultural promotions libraries.The method used in this project is analytical survey and population are all from librarians (104 people) in which 100 persons have completed the survey.Research tools consist of two certained surveys. Research findings: total average score of organizational empowerment in the society were 3.76 out of 5. With regard to average financial performance the obtained records were 0.229 lower than theoretical average. These results showed that the more development in competitive performance of libraries will cause the better empowerment. In case of competitive performance the scores presented from women was higher than men scores. There was no difference due to scores of various age groups and comments of different educational groups regarding competitive performance and records of competitive performance in different groups’ point of view due to job history. Due to participants in the field of librarianship we can say that the competitive performance of case study libraries is significantly higher than similar performance for non librarianship fields
Letter to Editor
Fatemeh Masoudi
