Knowledge Management
Ali Biranvand; Sareh Rahmaniyan; Alireza Mohammadi Nejad Ganji; Massoud Irvani
Abstract
Purpose. Identifying the model of factors affecting knowledge sharing in academic settings has always had a special importance and place among research in the field of knowledge management. The purpose of this study is to present a structural-interpretive model of factors affecting knowledge sharing ...
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Purpose. Identifying the model of factors affecting knowledge sharing in academic settings has always had a special importance and place among research in the field of knowledge management. The purpose of this study is to present a structural-interpretive model of factors affecting knowledge sharing in academic settings from the perspective of staff and faculty members of Payame Noor University.
Method. This research is a descriptive survey based on the applied purpose and in terms of the data collection method. The statistical population of the study includes the staff and faculty members of Payame Noor University. Using judgmental sampling, 19 experts in the field of knowledge management who had scientific, experimental, or research backgrounds were selected as members of the panel of experts. Data collection methods in this study are divided into two categories: library and field (questionnaire). In this research, the fuzzy Delphi technique has been used to screen the variables The structural-interpretive modeling technique has been used to identify and design the pattern of index relations.
Findings. Based on the results, the variables of self-efficacy, managerial support, reward system, university macro policies, software infrastructure, hardware infrastructure, personal interaction, trust, personal expectations, use of social media, knowledge sharing tendency, knowledge staff, and knowledge-based culture Introduced as effective factors on knowledge sharing in Payame Noor University. The results indicate that macro-university policies, managerial support, and knowledge-based culture are the most influential factors. Self-efficacy and knowledge staff variables are the most influential factors identified in this study.
Originality and value. So far, no similar research has examined the internal and external relations, determining the levels of influence and effectiveness of the effective factors in knowledge sharing in the university, and the present study is innovative in this regard.
Keywords: Knowledge management, Knowledge Sharing, Motivation to share knowledge, structural-interpretive modeling, Payame Noor University.
Knowledge Management
zahra faraji; Atefeh Zarei; faraborz doroudi
Abstract
Background and objective. The major objective of a library is to support the educational, research, and cultural system libraries are valuated as driver elements of efficient and effective activities and services of the supporting and healing process, in addition to the aforementioned goals. The impact ...
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Background and objective. The major objective of a library is to support the educational, research, and cultural system libraries are valuated as driver elements of efficient and effective activities and services of the supporting and healing process, in addition to the aforementioned goals. The impact of knowledge on service organizations is higher compared to manufacturing organizations, and on the other hand, the ever-increasing number of service organizations has attracted more attention to this valuable asset in the world of service business. Library and internet investigations regarding the knowledge sharing behavior among librarians and service value creation for users in university libraries completely signify the fact that in our country, despite the many studies conducted in the field of knowledge sharing and service quality, modeling the impact of knowledge sharing on service value creation in the country's university library environments has been entirely abandoned. The aim of this study was to determine the components and provide a process model for creating service value in academic libraries through knowledge sharing behavior among librarians. Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose, and exploratory in terms of survey approach. The statistical population of this study was 19 experts in the fields of knowledge management and librarians who had full knowledge of the structure and status of university libraries and the duties of librarians working in these libraries. An in-depth interview was conducted until the theoretical saturation. In this phase of the research, the snowball sampling method was used. To do so, the first expert was selected according to preliminary investigations and more experts (among university professors, executive managers of university libraries, and experienced advisors) that have authority regarding knowledge management and service management and can help enrich the research model. In the qualitative phase of the research, the grounded theory method was implemented, and thus the main tool for data collection was conducting in-depth and unstructured interviews with experts in the marketing field. In these interviews, the researcher attempted to softly approach the discussion and gain the initial trust of the interviewees in order to pose questions regarding the antecedents and grounds for service value creation for university library users via the knowledge sharing behavior among librarians, the environmental factors impacting it, the consequences of this phenomena.
Knowledge Management
Alireza Aghighi; Pegah kiani kiani
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The present study aims at investigating the effect of communication and task conflict on the employees’ knowledge sharing with the mediating role of trust and psychological empowerment in the Hamadan Education Organization.Methodology: This is an applied study, and a ...
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Background and Objectives: The present study aims at investigating the effect of communication and task conflict on the employees’ knowledge sharing with the mediating role of trust and psychological empowerment in the Hamadan Education Organization.Methodology: This is an applied study, and a data collection form was used to conduct a survey. The statistical population includes the authorities and employees of the Hamadan Education Organization. Since the population is infinite, 384 people were selected out of the employees, experts, and authorities of this organization by simple random sampling. The variables were measured by a standard questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The hypotheses were tested by structural equation modeling (SEM).Findings: According to the results, task conflict can explain the variance of the employee’s communication conflicts by 64.3% and the psychological empowerment of the employees by 29.8%. Communication conflicts can explain the differences in psychological empowerment of 71.1% of employees, trust of 6.9% of employees, and knowledge sharing of 19.9% of employees. Psychological empowerment can explain 28.8% of employee trust fluctuations and 23.4% of employee knowledge sharing. The employees’ trust can explain 37.5% of the variance of the employees’ knowledge sharing in Hamadan Education Organization.Discussion: In the first hypothesis, the effect of task conflict on communication conflict was approved by 0.643. The results of the present study are consistent with the findings reported by Wei-Tsong Wang et al. (2019). In the second hypothesis, the effect of task conflict on the psychological empowerment of the employees was approved by -0.298. The standardized coefficient of correlation between these two variables is negative. So, this further strongly suggests that an increase in task conflict leads to a decrease in psychological empowerment of the employees, and vice versa. The results of this research are consistent with the findings reported by Mohammad et al. (2013). In the third hypothesis, the effect of communication conflict on the psychological empowerment of the employees was approved by 0.071. The results are consistent with the findings reported by Wei-Tsong Wang et al. (2019). So also, another hypothesis has approved the effect of communication conflict on the employees’ trust by 0.288. The results are consistent with the findings reported by Wei-Tsong Wang et al. (2019). In the fifth hypothesis, the effect of psychological empowerment on the employees’ trust was approved by 0.069. The results are consistent with the findings reported by Alajmi (2017). In the sixth hypothesis, the effect of psychological empowerment on the employees’ knowledge sharing in the Education Department was approved by 0.158. This finding is consistent with the results of studies performed by Helmy et al. (2019) and Ghalavandi et al. (2017). In the seventh hypothesis, the effect of trust on employees’ knowledge sharing in the Hamadan Education Department was approved by 0.375. This finding is consistent with the results of studies performed by Hasanzadeh and Alizadeh (2017) and Ebrahimi et al. (2012). This hypothesis suggests that there is a significant positive relationship between the components of organizational trust and all the dimensions of knowledge management. Furthermore, trust components including the employees’ trust in each other, trust with the manager, and institutional trust can also play a significantly positive predictive role in explaining knowledge creation, knowledge sharing, knowledge application, and knowledge preservation. In other words, it can be concluded from this hypothesis that higher trust leads to participation in knowledge sharing and management that can eventually be effective in capability and performance. In the eighth hypothesis, the effect of communication conflict on the employees’ knowledge sharing was approved by 0.199. This finding is consistent with the results reported by Wei-Tsong Wang et al. (2019). Finally, the ninth hypothesis approved the effect of task conflict on the employees’ knowledge sharing in the Hamadan Education Department by -0.23. As the standardized coefficient of correlation between these two variables is negative, an increase in task conflict leads to a decrease in the employees’ knowledge sharing, and vice versa. Therefore, the research hypotheses show that the lower the conflict between the employees, the higher their trust in the organization will be. Thus, they will be more motivated to participate in group and systemic activities such as knowledge sharing and information exchange between different sectors. As shown in current and previous surveys, the factors mentioned can promote and improve employee performance and thus organizational performance.
Parastoo Parsaei- Mohammadi; Fereydoon Azadeh; Seyed Esmaeil Hashemi; Ebtesam Savari
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nowadays, organizations pay high attention to organizational knowledge management to achieve superiority among organizations. Organizations must provide the ground for knowledge sharing amongst employees and develop behaviors to convince them that they should act beyond the ...
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Background and Objectives: Nowadays, organizations pay high attention to organizational knowledge management to achieve superiority among organizations. Organizations must provide the ground for knowledge sharing amongst employees and develop behaviors to convince them that they should act beyond the requirements of their formal roles and responsibilities (organizational citizenship behavior). Another important factor facilitating knowledge sharing is the motivation of employees to participate in sharing knowledge (work engagement). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between work engagement and knowledge sharing by mediating organizational citizenship behavior among the non-clinical staff of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS).
Methodology: The present study is applied in terms of its practical purpose, information gathering methods, correlation through structural equation modeling (SEM), time and cross-section perspective (in 2018), and it is a qualitative investigation regarding the type of data. The research population consisted of 1182 non-clinical staff of AJUMS. The sample size was determined by the Cochran formula, and 280 members were selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection tools included three questionnaires, including Knowledge Sharing questionnaire (Chennamaneni, Teng & Raja; 2012), the work engagement questionnaire (Schaufeli, Bakker & Salanova; 2006), and the organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire (Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Paine & Bachrach; 2000). The knowledge sharing questionnaire has 14 questions and two components (intention to share knowledge and knowledge sharing behavior), Work Engagement has 17 questions and three components (vigor, absorption, and dedication), and Organizational citizenship behavior has 24 questions and five components (Civic Virtue, Altruism, Conscientiousness, Sportsmanship, and Courtesy). The validity of the questionnaires of the current research was verified by six members of the academic staff of librarianship and information science, as well as the psychology of AJUMS and the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, and the necessary changes were applied to the items. The reliability of all three questionnaires was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. The reliability coefficients for the knowledge sharing variable, Work Engagement, and organizational citizenship behavior were 91%, 95%, and 89%, respectively indicating the reliability of the questionnaires. The scoring method of all the questionnaires used in this research was based on a 5-point Likert scale, which was randomly distributed among the non-clinical staff of AJUMS. The return rate of questionnaires was 200 (72%). The proposed model test was performed using the SEM by AMOS-21 software.
Findings: Out of 200 participants in the present study, 34.5% and 65.5% were men and women, respectively. Married and single participants comprised 72% and 28% of the respondents, respectively. The educational levels of the respondents ranged from associate (16%), bachelor's (51%), master's (30%), and doctorate (3%) degrees. In terms of employment status, 30%, 13%, 44%, and 13% of the respondents were permanent employment, contractual, contracted, and staffing plan, respectively. The calculated average values ± standard deviations of the participants' scores were 55.20 ± 10.11 for the Work Engagement variable, 76.03 ± 15.28 for organizational citizenship behavior, and 41.52 ± 8.11 for knowledge sharing. The results indicated positive and significant relationships (P < 0.01) between work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior (r= 0.48), organizational citizenship behavior and knowledge sharing (r = 0.47), and work engagement and knowledge sharing (r = 0.54). The results of path analysis showed direct positive effects of work engagement on organizational citizenship behavior (β = 0.52, P < 0.001), organizational citizenship behavior on knowledge sharing (β = 0.32, p < 0.002), and work engagement on knowledge sharing (Β = 0.63, p < 0.001). In hypothesis 4, the role of mediating organizational citizenship behavior was tested in the relationship between work engagement and knowledge sharing, which also confirms this hypothesis.
Discussion: Employees with high abilities and flexibility should be identified by the organization to increase the probability of expressing organizational citizenship behaviors in employees with work engagement. In this case, it may be possible for the university to increase knowledge sharing among the staff and apply the knowledge of employees towards the goals of the organization. Accordingly, it is suggested to hold training courses and familiarize managers and employees with the concepts of knowledge sharing, organizational citizenship behavior, and Work Engagement to make them aware of the advantages and benefits that such behaviors will bring to individuals and organization
Scientometrics
Ali Biranvand; Mohammad Ebrahim Samie; Sareh Rahmaniyan; Mahsa Keshtkar
Abstract
Purpose: The significant influence of scientific and citation networks among scientific societies has caused that while identifying influential individuals and universities in each field, the issue of knowledge sharing is also highly considered. With this in mind, the present study investigates the relationship ...
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Purpose: The significant influence of scientific and citation networks among scientific societies has caused that while identifying influential individuals and universities in each field, the issue of knowledge sharing is also highly considered. With this in mind, the present study investigates the relationship between Mendeley academic social network Altmetrics indices and Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases in the field of economy, management, and accounting.Methodology: The present study is applied research that has been done in a descriptive-survey method with the Altmetrics approach. The statistical population of the research includes Iranian Authors and researchers in the field of economy, management, and accounting who had indexed documents in the Scopus database in the period of 2000-2019. 160 of the most prolific authors have been introduced and reviewed by Scopus. In order to analyze the data, in addition to descriptive statistics, in the inferential statistics section using Excel and SPSS software, a simple and multiple correlation test between the studied indicators has been used.Results: The results show a significant and positive relationship between the indicators studied in Mendeley with the scientometric indicators of Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. This relationship is very high in cases such as reading frequency, a number of citations, and HTML index score, Mendeley with Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and weak in cases such as Mendeley reader index with Scopus co-authorship index. The results show that the degree of correlation between the citations received in Mendeley and other databases is very high. Also, the relationship between the authors' index in Mendeley and other databases is positive and significant. This relationship is stronger between Scopus and Web of Science than the other databases.Conclusion: Due to the positive and significant relationship between Mendeley indicators and indicators of other databases, the use of this academic social network in publishing and sharing research results can attract more citations.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify the status of knowledge sharing to determine the attitude of librarians towards knowledge sharing, to identify the potential barriers and to put forward effective solutions to improve the knowledge sharing in the public libraries of Kermanshah ...
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Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify the status of knowledge sharing to determine the attitude of librarians towards knowledge sharing, to identify the potential barriers and to put forward effective solutions to improve the knowledge sharing in the public libraries of Kermanshah province.
Methodology: This study is as an applied study which has been carried out using survey method. It is also a quantitative study in terms of the type of data. For data collection, there was used a standardized questionnaire prepared by Chung, Yoon and John (2014). The research populations of the study included the librarians and managers of public libraries of Kermanshah province. In 2016, 69 public libraries with 181 librarians and managers have been active in public libraries. Based on Cochran formula, there are 123 samples in this study. It is worth mentioning that, in order to ensure about returning the questionnaires, there were distributed more questionnaires than needed (135); however all the questionnaires were returned. Data analysis was done in two parts of data description and inferential analysis using SPSS software.
Findings: The results showed that gender, marital status, major of study (except for the component of strategies of knowledge exchange improvement), education level, age and employment background of librarians have not been effective on the process of knowledge sharing and knowledge exchange in the public libraries of Kermanshah Province. Employment background is effective on the process of acquiring knowledge and strategies of knowledge exchange improvement; also, the librarians’ major of study is effective on the strategies of knowledge exchange improvement in the public libraries of Kermanshah Province. The city of employment has no effect on the process of knowledge sharing, but on the barriers of knowledge sharing instead. Regarding the different ways of knowledge exchange, the results showed that about 80 percent of librarians have reported informational and communicational technologies; about 54 percent, meeting with colleagues; 43 percent, social networks; about 24 percent, counseling method; about 15 percent, seminars or workshops and 0.7 percent have reported storytelling as the most common ways of knowledge exchange. 35.6 percent of librarians have used only one of the instruments of knowledge exchange; 26.7 percent have used two options; 25.9 percent, three options; 11.1 percent, four options and 0.7 percent of the librarians have used five options for knowledge exchange. Of the librarians who have used informational and communicational technologies for knowledge exchange, 45.2 percent have used telephone; 32.6 percent, e-mail; 23.7 percent, electronic discussion groups; 14.08 percent, weblogs and 14.08 percent have used the organization’s portal for knowledge exchange. The librarians have reported the followings as the main obstacles in the way of knowledge sharing: lack of a true rewarding system, lack of a system to introduce the individuals requiring knowledge sharing, also the weak verbal and written communications as well as weakness in interpersonal skills. From the view point of the librarians of Kermanshah province, the role of technology in the improvement of knowledge exchange and using newsletters and similar instruments in knowledge sharing are among the most significant strategies in promotion of knowledge exchange.
Discussion: The librarians have reported informational technology, meeting colleagues, social networks, consulting method, workshop and storytelling as the most common ways of knowledge exchange. They have also listed the followings as the most important barriers in the way of knowledge exchange: lack of a true rewarding system, lack of a system to introduce people who need knowledge exchange, weak oral and written interactions and weakness of internal skills. From the view point of the librarians, the role of technology in the improvement of knowledge exchange and using newsletters and similar instruments in knowledge sharing are among the most significant strategies in promotion of knowledge exchange.
Ezatollah Ghadampour; Maryam Zandkarimi
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate relationship between organizational communication and Knowledge sharing with the role of positive organizational trust in teachers. This research is of descriptive correlational study. Research community is included all highschool teachers of first and secund class in ...
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This study aimed to investigate relationship between organizational communication and Knowledge sharing with the role of positive organizational trust in teachers. This research is of descriptive correlational study. Research community is included all highschool teachers of first and secund class in the year of 1395 in bijar city whom were 500 people. The statistical sample was 217 people. For data collection questionnaires, a organizational communication doaee (1372) with alpha (0.91), Knowledge sharing Bock, Zmud, Kim & Lee(2005) with alpha (2006) with alpha (0.75) and organizational trust Ellonen, Blomqvist & Puumalainen (2008)with alpha (0.94) was used. For data analysis of structural equation modeling using pls was used. The results show that organizational communication directly (β=0.185) and indirect(β= 0.103) on In other words it can be said that organizational communication with role mediator organizational trust of the Increase Knowledge sharing placed school teachers.In this regard, when the organizational trust as a mediating variable in the equation is treated with more power
Sara Mohammadi
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to multilevel analysis of the impact of knowledge sharing on performance of services with respect to moderating role of organizational memory. Methodology: This research in terms of purpose and nature is an applied research and in terms of data collection, is descriptive-survey. ...
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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to multilevel analysis of the impact of knowledge sharing on performance of services with respect to moderating role of organizational memory. Methodology: This research in terms of purpose and nature is an applied research and in terms of data collection, is descriptive-survey. Data is collected from 114 librarians from 19 libraries of Ahvaz. We have used valid and reliable questionnaires for data collecting. Findings: Analysis of the results at the individual level (librarians) showed that knowledge sharing has a significant and positive impact on performance services among librarians. The findings of multilevel model showed that the variable of organizational level were found to have significant contextual effects on individuals’ knowledge sharing and performance services. In addition, moderating effect of the organizational level variable on relationship between knowledge sharing and performance services was confirmed. Results: The results of regression analysis show that the more knowledge to be shared, library services will also increase performance and If considered the organizational memory that will further enhance the performance of services.
fatemeh eskandari; parvaneh valavi
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to identify barriers and strategic solutions for knowledge sharing among companies operating in the Khuzestan Science and Technology Park. Method: As an applied research, it used mixed method. The research population included all managers and deputies of the companies located in ...
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Aim: This study aimed to identify barriers and strategic solutions for knowledge sharing among companies operating in the Khuzestan Science and Technology Park. Method: As an applied research, it used mixed method. The research population included all managers and deputies of the companies located in Khuzestan Science & Technology Park, of which using Cochran formula, and simple random sampling method, 144 people were selected as the research sample. In the quantitative part of the study, the data collection tools was a questionnaire which its reliability was tested by calculating of Cronbach’s Alpha that ended up with the figure 0.921. The face and content validity method was used to check the validity of the questionnaire. For the Qualitative part of the study, semi-structured interviews run based on the results of the quantitative part. Findings: The results showed that among the components of the barriers to sharing knowledge, with respect to the designated cut-off point, the technological factors were lower than the target average, while the cultural, structural and individual factors were equal to the average score. Therefore, considering the barriers and the outcomes of the interviews carried out, practical measures were suggested such as encouraging knowledge sharing behavior of companies, holding workshops, undertaking large projects and specialized distribution of the labor and jobs among the firms.
samira soleimanpour; Abdolhossein Farajpahlou; Hossein Dehdarirad
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the views of the faculty members and graduate students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz on the knowledge sharing infrastructure in this university.
Methodology: As a descriptive study, it was focused on a survey that was taken from a study by Pourserajian, ...
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Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the views of the faculty members and graduate students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz on the knowledge sharing infrastructure in this university.
Methodology: As a descriptive study, it was focused on a survey that was taken from a study by Pourserajian, Olia and Soltani Abadi (2013) as well as Soleimanpour (2015) and was used as the data collection tool. The research population consisted of all the faculty members and the graduate students of the SCU, of which 204 and 320 were selected respectively by stratified random sampling divided by gender as well as by faculty.
Findings: The findings of the study revealed a consensus among faculty members and students about the existence of five basic components of knowledge sharing, i.e., information and communication technologies, management strategies, structural-administrative factors, cultural structure and human factors. However, in details, there were some differences between the faculty members and the graduate students in regards with the components of these infrastructures.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that at the time of the study, the state of knowledge sharing infrastructure in Shahid Chamran University was somehow moderate, meaning that if the implementation of knowledge management in this university is taken more serious by both, the university officials and the KM Center of Excellence based at this university, the KM practice will be a relative success here.
