Journal of Studies in Library and Information Science

Abstract Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize factors affecting the commercialization of research results in Isfahan university.
Methodology: This study firstly identifies the factors affecting knowledge commercialization in previous research through a qualitative approach and confirmatory factor analysis method.  The statistical population of the study consisted of 262 faculty members, staff and postgraduate students of Isfahan University in the academic year of 2019who commercialized their research results or wanted to commercialize but failed and were familiar with the business process of the research results. In this study, descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were used to calculate experts 'views on knowledge commercialization indices and Kendall's coefficient of correlation was used to determine the degree of unity of experts' opinion. Also, AHP hierarchical analysis technique was used to prioritize the factors.
Findings: Among the three factors under consideration, contextual factors with a weight of 0.456, content factors with a weight of 0.339, and structural factors with a weight of 0.222 were ranked in the first to third priorities of factors influencing knowledge commercialization, respectively.
Discussion: Considering the existence of such problems, it is necessary to design and implement the patent information registration and transfer system in accordance with intellectual property laws at Isfahan University.

Abstract Background and Objectives: Risk Management is the process of identifying, analyzing and responding to risk factors throughout the life of a project and in the best interests of its objectives. Proper risk management implies control of possible future events and is proactive rather than reactive. Risk management in library, archive and museum buildings is a comprehensive study where potential hazards that may turn into risks if measures are not taken, risks that may give damage to building occupants as well as collection, library and archive materials in the building, and measures to mitigate such risks are regularly assessed. Many researchers have involved projects related with risk assessment studies for reducing risks of library, archive and museum buildings. Definition of the risk may vary in the international literature and standards. This is because risk varies by the characteristics of the particular industry or the branch of science involved. While risk terminology relies upon the same rationale in myriad of fields such as engineering, banking, insurance, medicine, psychology and sociology, risk terminology (probability forecasting), there are some deviating aspects in practice. Given the importance of risk management in organizations and its impact on improving efficiency and effectiveness, propose of this study is presenting a method for managing risk of public librarians in Fars province in terms of uncertainty.
Methodology: Fuzzy logic is an extension of the classical logic that allows the modeling of data imperfections and to a certain extent approaches the flexibility of human reasoning. The fuzzy logic thus presents many concrete applications, ranging from video games (programming of bots) to automatic pilots via the microwave. Yes, often we apply in the daily without our knowing the concept of the fuzzy choice, so this notion surrounds us! Fuzzy Logic is a decision making system. It deals with vague and imprecise information. This is gross oversimplification of the real-world problems and based on degrees of truth rather than usual true/false or 1/0 like Boolean logic. With available dataset rules can be created with membership function developed, solution to to a problem is obtained by taking alpha cuts from membership functions and varying the input parameters and using the developed rule viewer to showcase the possible outcomes.
In this study, we use an integrated model based on fuzzy numbers and risk management techniques to consider uncertainties, to rank the public librarian risks and present appropriate actions in order to satisfy them. The study population includes all experts and librarians of public libraries in Fars. Based on the proposed framework, first librarian risks are extracted based on previous research studies and then rank using an algorithm based on triangular fuzzy numbers. In this algorithm, considering two goals of time and quality, each risk is ranked from two perspectives in terms of its severity and probability of occurrence. All calculations are performed according to fuzzy number rules.
Findings: According to the results, the top ten risks are: Lack of uninterrupted power supply, lack of fire extinguishers and fire extinguishers, electrical connections and hazards, collapse of bookshelves and etc., flammable materials, lack of job security, rodents and insects, lack of safety and protection systems, old and worn out library equipment and poor ventilation. These risks are mainly physical and then biological and psychological risks.
Discussion: The findings of this study show that Libraries are in spite of the extent of the development of the community in which they are located, they face similar risks with differences in severity and weakness. It is recommended that due to fluctuations and power outages, Possibility of damage and loss of information in computer systems, libraries and information centers, must use uninterruptible power supply UPS at system inputs and periodically examine internal and external electrical connections. Featuring automatic and manual fire alarm systems, automatic gas and water extinguishing systems, water supply networks, ventilation systems, emergency exit doors, emergency lighting systems, manual extinguishers and installation of fire extinguishers at different distances can be prevented damage to their information sources. Firefighting courses and workshops, training for rescue staff and staff and installing the guides you need at the right places in libraries will be very effective. It is essential to comply with the required standards and safety, fixe library equipment in a convenient and relevant location.
Conclusions: Due to the prevailing focus on risk, risk management jobs have opened up. Risk management jobs are usually considered as financial careers because most of the risks that businesses face are closely tied to the company’s financial standing. Risk Management is a combined and continuous process of decision analysis and proactive management. It identifies and quantifies opportunities and threats. Certainly, hundreds of hazards and resulting risks leading to loss may be defined for library. Risk management is very important in public libraries, so in this research a model is designed to identify and rank of public librarian risks to help librarians in order to desirable services.

Abstract Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of marketing mixes and their impact on traffic and rank of the website of Iranian digital libraries. Method: The present study was applied in a descriptive and survey-oriented way. The research population consisted of 23 digital libraries in Iran that qualified, had the appropriate software, had information resources and officially set up the library. T Results: The results of the study showed that the number of marketing mixes used in the digital libraries was less than average. Among the studied libraries, the Digital Light Library, the Astan Quds Razavi digital library, and the Digital Library of the Tobayan ranked first to third in terms of the use of marketing mixes to improve performance. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the use of marketing mixes has a positive relationship with the number of libraries. In other words, the more libraries have met marketing mixes, the more hits they have seen.

Abstract Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between the level of digital literacy and self-directed learning among students of Sharif University of Technology. Digital literacy refers to the set of capabilities required for the effective use of information and communication technologies in a knowledge society. Self-directed learning is a process in which people identify their learning needs and implement appropriate learning strategies. Its dimensions are self-management, self-control and desire to learn. Self-management is related to work control issues focuses on the behavioral and social aspects of learning tendencies. Outdoor activities, in this sense, are related to the learning process. Self-management is related to setting learning goals and managing learning resources. Questions about management goal, learning methods, support, and outcomes are discussed collaboratively and continuously. Self-control considers cognitive and metacognitive processes, including the monitoring of learning strategies, as well as the ability to think about the way of thinking (planning and modifying thinking according to the purpose of learning). Self-control is the process by which the learner becomes responsible for his or her own mental construction. The basic concept of the desire to learn dimension is that motivation plays an important role in taking action and maintaining the effort to learn and complete cognitive goals. Despite our limited understanding of the relationship between motivation and cognition, there is ample evidence that motivational factors have many practical effects on a variety of cognitive activities. In his regard, there are five questions as below: Question 1: What is the relationship between the level of digital literacy and students' self-directed learning and its various dimensions? Question 2: What is the relationship between students' gender and digital literacy and their self-directed learning? Question 3: What is the relationship between education and digital literacy and students' self-directed learning? Question 4: What is the relationship between college and digital literacy and students' self-directed learning? Question 5: What is the relationship between students' participation in IT courses and their level of digital literacy? Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and is a descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. Is. In this study, Sharif University of Technology students in undergraduate and graduate studies were selected as the statistical population. 8709 students are studying in 13 faculties of this university. The number of male and female students in bachelor's and master's degrees is almost equal. Stratified sampling method was used and 30 students (15 males and 15 female) from each faculty were randomly selected. A total of 390 people were randomly selected of which 195 were female and 195 were male. In order to assess the level of digital literacy of students and their self-directed learning, researcher-made and standard questionnaires were used, respectively. a standard questionnaire was used to assess the self-directed learning of the respondents. This questionnaire is the Fisher standard questionnaire with 40 items that was introduced in 2001. The response scale is the Likert five-choice range (too low = 1 to too high = 5). Score of the self-directed learning variable of each respondent was equal to the median score of items. Since there was not any updated and appropriate questionnaire to measure the level of digital literacy, the researcher decided to design a researcher-made questionnaire with the following steps: 1- Digital literacy reference sources such as Microsoft and North Star companies were used to design the questionnaire. The questions on these websites cover various areas of digital literacy, from beginner to advanced. 2- The questions were modified and localized. The final questionnaire consisted of 25 items that items 1 to 18 measured the digital literacy level of the respondent as a practical test and items 19 to 25 measured the respondents' mental perceptions of their digital literacy level. 3- The questionnaire was revised by 14 experts and professors to ensure its validity 4- Cronbach's alpha test was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. The results showed the high reliability of the questionnaire. Findings: The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the level of digital literacy and students' self-directed learning and all its dimensions. It can be concluded that the digital literacy of Sharif University of Technology students is not at a very good level. Discussion: In order to improve its students 'academic achievement indicators, the university can hold various courses to increase students' digital literacy skills.

Abstract Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze “back-of-the-book” indexes published by Allameh Tabataba'i University Press from the beginning (1984) through 2017, based on the ISO 999 standard and the indexing evaluation checklist recommended by the American Society for Indexing. For librarian, in evaluating a book, having an index is one of the important criteria and indicators often prepared by the author or indexer.   The index is important because it is a systematic guide to the contents of any type of writing (such as books, journals, newspapers, databases, etc.) in which the main entries are arranged in a specific order with reference to location in the original text. In fact, the index can be called as a link between the producer and the user of information, which helps the user to easily and quickly access the required knowledge. Indexes are not the goals themselves, but a tool to help users find the information they need to solve their problems. The index entries direct users to information in the original text that may be useful. It should be noted, however, that publishers of books and their policies also play an important role in shaping the final indexes. On the other hand, it is usually expected at least academic publishers should pay attention to this. In this research, books published by Allameh Tabatabai University Press as an academic publisher have been selected. Methodology: This is an applied research and quantitative-descriptive and correlation study. The data were collected using two checklists and by direct observation of the books and their own indexes. The population of the study was all books published by the Allameh Tabataba'i University Press in any subject through the end of 2017. In this study, content validity method has been used to assess the validity of the evaluation checklist. No sampling has been done and all books published by Allameh Tabatabai University Press have been studied Findings: Allameh Tabatabai University Press has published its first book, entitled "Literature and Writing" in 1984. Also, there were one book title in English and one book title in Arabic. Out of 427 titles of the studied books, about 1.4% (6 titles of books) are of reference books and 421 titles, about 98.59% are non-reference books. Out of 80 indexed books, compiled books with 56.25% (45 titles) constitute the largest volume of the statistical population. Translated books also make up 43.75% (35 book titles) of books containing indexes. Discussion: The findings of this study showed that out of 427 books assessed, 80 (19%) had back-of-the book indexes and 347 titles (81%) had no indexes. This means the most books published by Allameh Tabataba'i University Press lack indexes. According to the results, it can be concluded that the books published by Allameh Tabatabai University Press generally are not in a good condition in terms of the back-of-the book indexes, and this publisher did not pay much attention to the back-of-the book indexes for the published books.  For the books having indexes, 65/70%of the indexes were compatible with the checklist of American Society for Indexing and 78/52% of the indexes were compatible with the ISO 999 standard. If we consider the 50% point as a medium, it can be said that the rate of compatibility of indexes with both standards stands above the average for the criteria used. But since compliance with ISO 999 is nearly 12/82 percent higher than that of the checklist by American Society for Indexing, it can be argued that compliance with ISO 999 is in a better position. The article provides original information about the “back-of-the-book” indexes published by Allameh Tabataba'i University Press from 1984 through 2017.

Abstract Background and Objectives: The study aimed at evaluating the role of the implementation of the reading station plan in the rate of reading and reviewing the reading situation after its implementation. To reach the point, the following objectives were considered: To investigate the population satisfaction of the books' content available in the reading station. To review the population satisfaction of the location and number of reading stations. To assess the reading level promotion of the population in pursuit of the reading station plan implementation. To measure the success and progress of the reading station plan through surveying the views of the people who are involved with the plan. To measure the impact of the demographic factors such as gender, age, level of education on the use of the reading station. Methodology: This was practical research which had used a survey design. There were 2 populations for the study. The first population consisted of all the people who have used the reading stations in Mashhad City since 2013. The second one included all the librarians responsible for the reading station plan. Cluster sampling approach was used for the first population. Based on Cochran's sample size formula, a sample of 180 people has selected from the stations' readers. The data tool was a researcher made questionnaire. The researchers distributed it in 10 stations in 6 days during a week, only 172 questionnaires were returned. In the second population, all the responsible librarians were interviewed through a semi-structured interview. To measure the content validity, 5 KIS faculty members reviewed the questionnaire and their comments were included in it. To assess the reliability, the questionnaire was submitted to 30 people in a pilot study, and then Cronbach's alfa was calculated for it which was 0.89 which indicated the reliability was high enough. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, interpretive analysis and SPSS were used to analyze the data. Findings: The level of users' satisfaction of reading stations' books was significantly higher than the average (score 3 out of 5). The level of user' satisfaction of the reading stations' location was also significantly above the average. The reading stations were relatively successful in promoting the people's reading level and in this regard their role was significantly higher than average. The average users' reading level was increased considerably with the implementation of the reading station plan. There was no significant difference between female and male's use of the reading stations. The findings didn't indicate any significant differences among the people with the various levels of education and age groups in their use of the reading stations. Based on the experts' comments, the reading station plan had a great impact on increasing the level reading of citizens and would promote the reading habits of the people, so they believed the reading station plan was successful. Again, they stated that the plan required spending much time and advertising to be more successful. They suggested some ways to improve their impacts such as: to increase the number of the reading stations throughout the city, advertise for them in press to represent the reading station plan, and finally provide a various range of books of all subjects. Discussion: The finding indicated that the satisfaction of the people of the books in the reading stations were higher than the average. Thus, to get around this plan and that the people's satisfaction of the books reaches the desired level, it should be paid more attention to it. It seems to be more satisfying with the plan, it is necessary to provide diverse resources. As a result, its use will further increase. The results of the study showed that the location of the reading station was very effective in using it and if they were situated in places that were most visible and accessible (sidewalks and parks), they would be visited more and more. It seems one should redesign their construction and the new construction might be situated in open places so that one may locate it in open sidewalks and parks. As the results indicated the success of the reading stations, we propose to use them in a wide range to increase the reading per capita. According to the findings, the age group 21 to 40 years old has used them more, and in opposite the group aged 12 to 20 years old had less use rather than the others. It seems the reading station authorities should pay more attention to this age group needs and provide them with some appropriate books or to revise their books for the subject matters.  In addition to these, the findings revealed that reading stations had some advantages and disadvantages. According to experts' views, their benefits may include their accessibility for the public, and their free availability. On the contrary, there are some weaknesses for them such as their lost and unreturning, the lack of the people' views on the books to update and replace them. According to the results, it seems if sufficient funding is provided to equip the reading stations and if the habits to use and to introduce them are created through the help of advertising and informing, the people satisfaction with the books is increased by selecting the contents in line with their needs, and finally the station book number is increased, the plan will reach the goals and will consult more and more.  

Abstract Background and Objectives: Using the 5S system creates an appropriate, active, nice, pleasant and safe atmosphere in the workplace. Also, the implementation of the 5S will create better business opportunities and would increasingly improve the working conditions. To this end, any efforts made by managers must start creating the right conditions for the implementation of the 5s before encouraging others to the system. 5s, in reality, is described not only as a platform for implementing other programs and systems, but also the system itself is actually independent and directly boosts productivity and benefits, and that serves as an intellectual and operational system designed to improve productivity, quality and prevent waste of resources, and an organized effort to implement gradual and continuous reforms that increase its effectiveness. The human resources as one of the key elements of the organization are seen as basic and obviously that the degree of satisfaction of staff and personnel in creating an organizational commitment, their motivation, and in order to do their best will be to play a role in achieving the goals of the organization. Job satisfaction by the staff and manpower of a library is closely related with the implementation of the 5s system. Because observance of this system is related to the mapping of the library and compliance with its regulations, discipline and imposition by library, on the other hand, there is a need for librarians' satisfaction in order to be able to unconditionally adhere to the components of this system in an internal manner. Implementation of the 5s system depends on its acceptance and compliance with it by the staff and, to the extent that librarians accept that the system is capable of increasing the level of service and quality, its success will be even greater. Librarians are regarded as the main executors of this system in the library, and with their greater satisfaction from the perspective of a job related to the application of the 5s system, the ability and feasibility of implementing this system will be increased. The present study seeks to measure the expectations of staff of the National Library and Archives of Iran, by identifying the dimensions and components of 5s in the organizational deputies, National library's deputy, Archives, Research and IT, and the extent to which they show their responsibilities and accountabilities. Methodology: The present study is aimed at studying applied research and in terms of data collection; it is described as survey-analytical research. The statistical population of the study was graduates with a higher education degree at the National Library and Archives Organization of Iran. The total number of employees in this organization was 512 people. Using Morgan's Table and taking into account the probable sample drop, 220 individuals were systematically sampled. Since the systematic sample is distributed more evenly over the entire population, more information is provided about the community or population from a community compared to simple random sampling of the same volume. Therefore, in a targeted manner and according to the level of awareness of librarians, systematic sampling was used in which a researcher-made questionnaire was illustrated to collect the data. Thirty questions were provided using the Likert Scale. The questionnaire consisted of five dimensions of organization (5 questions), order (6 questions), cleanliness (7 questions), standardization (6 questions) and discipline (6 questions) on the basis of which the five dimensions of employee satisfaction degree were measured. In order to estimate the validity of the questionnaire, in this regard, there were not any ignored efforts to discuss scholars’ evidence. Discussion with professionals was highlighted on the questionnaire. Needless to say, that in order to measure the reliability of the questionnaire and the indicators, a confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha as a measure of internal consistency, that is, how closely related a set of items are as a group were used. The Cronbach's alpha value was 0.85α, which was evaluated as desirable. Findings: The results of the research indicate that the index or indicator of organizational dimension with an average of 74.3, the order dimension indicator, with an average of 64.8, the indicator of clean-up, with an average of 64.3, the standardization indicator with an average of 77.5 and the discipline indicator with the average of 7.90 indicate the status of these factors among the staff of NLAI. The study of the desirability of average staff satisfaction based on the 5s components in which T-statistic results were highlighted for the average satisfaction rate of employees in the organization was conducted. The significance level of this statistic indicates that the average satisfaction degree of employees in the 5s component is desirable. Regarding the prioritization of each of the components in terms of job satisfaction among the staff of the National Library and Archives Organization, the 5s components are ranked based on the job satisfaction indicator using Friedman's test. The results indicate that the discipline dimension was not even considered to be moderate or lower for respondents. But it also has a belief in its role in cleanliness. Discipline component with average rating 4.83 stands in the first ranking, the standardization component with the average of 3.39 in the second rank, the component of organization with the average rating 2.96 in the third rank, the order component with the average rank 1.95 in the fourth stand and finally the component of clean up with the average rating 1.86 is in fifth place. The value of the chi-square statistic and its significant level also indicates that this ranking is statistically significant. Concerning the study of the differences between each component in terms of job satisfaction of employees in different parts of NLAI, the results indicate that there is a significant difference between the job satisfaction of employees in different parts of the organization. This means that the staff of departments of deputy at National Library have expressed more job satisfaction in comparison with the research deputy, and this also exists in the 5s component. In the study of the difference between each component in terms of job satisfaction among the staff of the National Library and Archives Organization at the academic levels, the findings also show that there is a significant difference between the level of job satisfaction of employees according to their educational degrees, which is seen as significant at different levels and in 5s components. Personnel with higher education have a lower average job satisfaction than the other two groups. This situation is also present in all components of job satisfaction. Discussion: The results gained of each dimension of the study in the organization showed that the component of organization with an average (74.3), the order component with the mean (64.8), the component of cleanliness with the mean (64.3), the standardization component with the average (77.5) and the discipline component with the mean (90.7) are in a desirable situation in the National Library and Archives Organization, which shows that these components are largely observed and adhered to in this organization. Therefore, it can be claimed that the components of the organization include the suitability of facilities and equipment for cooling and heating, the suitability of facilities and equipment with work, the proportion of space between the tables and rooms, observance of safety and prevention of adverse events and cleanliness, light, sound, temperature, and environmental conditions are very favorable to the staff of this organization, and the staff are relatively satisfied with the above mentioned issues. Also, the proportion of paid income to performance, the appropriateness of the organizational post with job education, the proportion of salaries and benefits received by the inflation rate, the extreme proportionality of the work with the individual's performance, the suitability of competencies, abilities and the status of the employees with the position and responsibility as well as the appropriateness of affairs assigned to personnel given the abilities and authorities of staff by the managers of the organization are fairly well-observed. Indicators such as organizational appreciation for staffing services, assignment of more responsible responsibilities by increasing training abilities and work experience, employee awareness of performance standards, mode of operation, and the purpose of doing it, creating the necessary conditions for career progress, facilities and educational and cultural facilities and holding courses and educational programs in accordance with the needs of the staff of the organization are in a good position. Most employees like their office and what they are doing in their organization. Among the components considered, only the clean-up component should be more highlighted by the managers of the organization. Because things such as creating comfort and joy for employees, establishing relationships between manager and staff, and between employees themselves, and generally related to working relationships and friendly interactions in this component, have been considered, although statistically favorable to the situation, but compared to other components, it is in a weaker and threatened position. Given the opinion of the staff of the National Library and Archives Organization regarding their satisfaction in relation to the 5s indices, the results indicate the proper status of these components, which is better to be addressed to be planned in different dimensions. There is a need for further strengthening in the discipline and cleanup. It is desirable that planning for implementation of this system be done more carefully in all the deputies of the organization, and in particular in the Deputy of Research. And finally, the emphasis is on the efforts to education and in reality, how broadly does education contribute to job performance? The justification and familiarity of lower educated personnel should be highlighted in the planning.  

Abstract Background and Objectives: In knowledge-driven environments, public libraries increasingly rely on a workforce that is capable of continuously updating its competencies and delivering responsive, technology-enabled services. Professional development (PD) of staff is therefore a strategic lever for library performance and user satisfaction. Yet, the mechanisms through which organizational technology readiness translates into individual growth are not always well understood. This study examined the effect of technological innovation capabilities (TIC) on the professional development of staff (PD) in Iran’s public libraries, with a particular focus on the mediating role of personal (individual) knowledge management (PKM). TIC was conceptualized to encompass six interrelated dimensions frequently highlighted in the library and management literature—teaching and learning, research and development, management, human resources, market analysis, and organizational structure. PKM was treated as a set of individual-level competencies for acquiring, analyzing, creating, storing, sharing, and applying knowledge in daily work.
Methodology: The statistical population comprised all public librarians across Iran (N = 6,171). Using Cochran’s formula, a target sample of 362 librarians was determined; to offset sampling error at α = .05, 382 questionnaires were distributed and returned. Data were gathered using three validated instruments: (1) a researcher-developed TIC scale grounded in prior studies and domain frameworks; (2) the Mohyuddin & Azirovani (2007) scale for PKM; and (3) the Nava (2008) scale for staff professional development, previously employed in Poorsadegh & Alimirzaee (2006). Construct reliability and validity were assessed prior to hypothesis testing. Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability (CR) exceeded the .70 threshold for all latent constructs, average variance extracted (AVE) values met or surpassed the .40–.50 benchmark, and standardized factor loadings were ≥ .50, confirming convergent validity. The structural model was estimated via partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using bootstrapping to obtain test statistics for direct and indirect effects. Global model fit was evaluated using the Goodness-of-Fit (GOF) index, which yielded GOF = 0.458, indicating acceptable overall fit for the proposed model in this context.
Findings: All hypothesized paths were statistically significant at P < .05, with test statistics exceeding the |1.96| criterion. Specifically, the standardized direct effect of TIC on PD was β = 0.394, demonstrating a moderate, positive association between organizational technology capabilities and staff development outcomes. TIC also exerted a significant positive effect on PKM (β = 0.446), indicating that technology-rich conditions and innovation-supporting routines are associated with stronger individual knowledge practices among librarians. In turn, PKM had a significant positive effect on PD (β = 0.429), suggesting that staff who more effectively acquire, analyze, create, store, share, and apply knowledge tend to report higher levels of professional growth. The indirect (mediated) effect of TIC on PD via PKM was β = 0.191 (0.446 × 0.429), confirming partial mediation: TIC contributes to PD both directly and by enhancing individual knowledge practices that themselves promote development. Taken together, the pattern of results supports a coherent mechanism in which technology-innovation capability fosters PKM, which subsequently strengthens professional development, while also exerting a distinct direct influence on PD.
Discussion: The findings highlight a practical pathway for library administrators seeking to elevate staff capabilities and service quality. Investments in TIC—such as creating learning-oriented environments, supporting R&D, aligning structures and HR policies with innovation, and using market intelligence to inform services—appear to cultivate PKM habits and skills at the individual level. Those PKM competencies translate into tangible PD gains, including improved organizational skills, teamwork, communication, and career-path development. The direct TIC → PD link further implies that beyond enabling individual knowledge work, technology-innovation capacities can shape development through access to modern tools, streamlined workflows, and exposure to innovative service models. At a 5% error level, the results confirm that TIC significantly influences PD, TIC significantly enhances PKM, and PKM significantly promotes PD, with a significant indirect TIC → PKM → PD effect (β = 0.191). These findings endorse a strategy that couples technology-innovation investments with deliberate cultivation of personal knowledge management to realize sustained professional development across public library staff.

Abstract Background and Objectives: This study aimed to better understand the research process, identify and improve the knowledge gap in the field of SKOS and in order to create a correct and comprehensive understanding of it, systematically reviewed research in this field over a period of ten years from 2010 to 2020. Methodology: – For this purpose, the reputable international databases of Scopus, Pabmod, Science Direct and Springer and the internal databases of scientific information of Jihad Daneshgahi (SID), Iran Research Institute of Information Science and Technology (IranDoc), database of Iranian publications (magiran) and Noor specialized journals database (Noormags). They were searched with related Persian and Latin keywords. Out of 262 articles obtained after removing irrelevant, duplicate articles and articles that were not in the desired period, 62 articles were finally reviewed. Findings: The findings of this study showed that previous studies in categories such as application, review and quality improvement, design and development, structure, natural language processing, the relationship between SKOS and O.W.l., common mistakes in SKOS And the current state of skos on the web. Among them, the fields of application and review and improvement of the quality of SKOS have the most thematic share, and in 2016 and 2017, the most articles in this field were published. Also, the results of the thematic review of the articles showed that SKOS has been used the most in the design and preparation of thesauruses and ontologies of various fields, and also SKOS in areas such as the design of semantic web search engines, labeling and marginalization. Automated writing on the Semantic Web, improving Web search, representing and integrating Web schemas, categorizing Web features, representing semantic representations, indexing data, and linking strategies Plays the main. Discussion: The results indicate the wide applications of SKOS in projects, ontologies and semantic web thesauri. Also, its capabilities in supporting Persian language can be used from SKOS in all fields mentioned in Persian. Also benefited. The results of reviewing the texts in this research can be the basis for future research.

Abstract Background and Objectives: Training means to show off, to increase, to raise and to make good or expensive. In the latter sense, education is to go beyond extremes and push to moderation, and education is to provide an environment in which potential human talents have the opportunity to thrive in action. Scholars believe that education is a mirror that reflects the philosophy of life of any community and the goals and level of awareness of that community. Human civilization is not a heritage that has been achieved without effort and suffering from the past, but civilization is a social heritage that humanity has strived to acquire and this heritage has not been passed down from generation to generation except through education, because education It is a factor in the transfer of intellectual resources, high human values ​​and good qualities from ancestors to children. The present study is to draw and analyze the intellectual and conceptual structure of studies of educational goals using co-authorship methods of authors and co-authors of words in the Web of Science database in the years 1983-2019. According this aim, we have answered these qustions from below: 1- What is the scientific mapping co-authored by the authors of the field of educational goals in the Web of Science website during the years 1983-2019?
2- What is the scientific synonymy of the field of educational goals in the web of science database during the years 1983-2019?
3- What is the scientific map of the partner countries in the field of educational goals based on the year?
4- What is the drawing of the scientific table of concepts used based on the concepts of words (ID) of authors in the field of educational goals from 1983 to 2019?

What is the drawing of the scientific table of concepts used based on the areas of thematic concepts of vocabulary (SC) in educational goals from 1987 to 2019?

 
Methodology: The method used in the present study is the analysis of the content of words and concepts of texts, which is one of the new methods of analysis in scientometrics. This method is based on the fact that the words and concepts of a set of documents represent their content; Therefore, by calculating the degree of agreement of the concepts, the thematic structure of the fields of science can be drawn. The research population consisted of 893 articles indexed in the Web of Science database (1983-2019). In general, the search, retrieval, storage and processing of the studied words can be summarized in several steps:
First, in the Web of Science citation database, to collect the existing articles in the field of educational goals with the search strategy as follows: TS=("education* goal" OR "education* aim" OR "education* target" OR "education*scope" OR "education purpose" OR " education* objective" OR "teach* goal" OR " teach* aim" OR "teach* target" OR "teach* scope" OR " teach* purpose" OR " teach* objective" OR "train* aim" OR " train* target" OR "train*scope" OR " train* purpose" OR "train* objective"
 
Findings: Findings of 893 scientific documents in the field of educational goals in the Web of Science database indicate that the most active countries, according to the scientific outputs of researchers, from 2010 to 2014 were in countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, China and Australia. In recent years, countries as Brazil, China, India and Iran have been active in this field. Authors such as Wong, Liu, Yang, and Ding have been most influential in producing educational goals articles.
 
Discussion: Researchers in this field believe that if progress is to be made in this field, research based on components such as culture, values, self-regulation, adjustment, modification of educational goals, self-care, social intelligence, application of different teaching models, study motivations and ultimately self-efficacy. Orientation in it is necessary and educational goals are considered useful for reasons of practical application and research guidance. Educational goals can be considered as a complete set of educational programs that have been developed in the field of education and educational sciences, in other words, it is a system of educational goals that has been accepted in order to explain a specific set of educational programs. Often the essence of educational goals is about imagining an action and reaction and eventually the emergence of certain behaviors; Accordingly, we can expect to see the flourishing of a variety of real goals in the field of education and training sciences. The educational goals according to the clusters that have been drawn in this field include the topics of efficiency and practice, models and education, the role of education, students, motivations and children.

Abstract Background and Objectives: In order to achieve a proper understanding of the status of public library buildings, the present study examine the architecture of public libraries from the perspective of public library librarians as the people who have the most interaction and relationship with the library building. A review of existing research showed that architecture has the ability to identify and create identity, and what distinguishes the back of a building from other structures is architecture. In connection with the construction of libraries, researchers have presented several categories, including libraries of palaces and temples, monasteries, churches and universities, Glasshouses, Office bloks, round buildings, Atrium buildings, Tower buildings, Glass box buildings, Modular buildings. Previous research shows that the construction of libraries in each period reflects the cultural structure and type of view of the library. These studies also showed that the provision of services such as microfilm, interlibrary loan, and joint collection had a profound effect on library building, especially after World War II.
Methodology: The present study is qualitative research. The method of the present study was Grounded theory and interviews were used to collect data. Sampling in this study was Targeted Sampling and included librarians of public libraries in Rafsanjan and unstructured interviews were used to collect data. The interviews began with a request for the participant to comment in detail on the architecture of the public libraries, and according to the answers, an attempt was made to clarify the details of the issue with other questions. In qualitative research, if theoretical saturation has reached, data collection can be omitted. In this study, after interviewing 10 librarians, we reached theoretical saturation. The interviews were conducted in a completely intimate and informal environment and at the workplace of each person, which on average each interview lasted between 30 to 40 minutes. Strauss and Corbin method was used to analyze the data obtained from the interview. To validate the research, the interviews after implementation, were approved by the interviewees and the codes and interviews by a librarian who was familiar with qualitative research were reviewed and approved.
Findings: After analyzing the data from interviews, a selected code named the architectural principles of public libraries, the two axes factors of standardization, environmental signage and symbolization and 15 other factors Such as adapting before allocating existing buildings to the library, consulting librarians to build a new library, separating the lounge and reading room, lagging behind standards in newly established libraries, allocating space for children, not being suitable for the disabled, located Being in a remote environment in the dimension of standardization and coordination with the environment, the importance of aesthetics in attracting the audience, symbolizing, marking, refreshing, ordinary and simple view, building new libraries with unique architecture and putting a box back The book was at the entrance of the library was identified.
Discussion: Library buildings should have identity and civilization features and the emergence of cultural components and elements in library buildings should be evident, because libraries from ancient times to the present day have always been centers for preserving the written heritage of nations and therefore library buildings should have cultural components and Office or ordinary buildings of the city are distinct. The results of the present study in this section showed that the architecture of public libraries lacks the identity and personality of the public library and does not show its cultural nature in any way. he second point about the importance of building libraries, especially public libraries, is to pay attention to the visual appeal of the exterior as well as the pleasant interior design; And the results of the research also showed architecture can be effective in attracting the audience, and the feeling of relaxation from being in the library space and spending more time to stop and attend the library. Therefore, there is a direct relationship between paying attention to exterior and interior architecture and the degree to which people are lucky enough to visit and spend useful time in the library. The importance of architecture is in considering the needs of users. The library building, in addition to having easier access to different parts of the library, and items such as creating a quiet environment free of noise pollution in the design of study halls, attention to light, interior layout, color, and painting walls and ceilings, use of appropriate equipment It should be considered with architecture and in addition to these issues, attention should be paid to the welfare and accommodation facilities of the clients.